Taking stock of the past: A psychometric evaluation of the Autobiographical Interview

Lockrow, Amber W.; Setton, Roni; Spreng, Karen A.P.; Turner, Gary R.; Spreng, R. Nathan

doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473803

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…We investigated age differences in AM, hippocampus and temporal pole volumes, and AM‐volume associations in a large sample of healthy younger and older adults, using the Autobiographical Interview (Levine et al, 2002; Lockrow et al, 2021) to quantify the episodicity of AM recollection. Consistent with predictions, younger adult recollections were more episodic with a higher density of episodic (internal) than semantic (external) details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using the AI typically report detail counts, whereas here we report on detail density, a metric that controls for the overall verbal output of recollections. We have previously introduced density scores as a novel dependent variable from the AI (Spreng et al, 2018), and have recently found that they are more sensitive to age effects than detail counts, and provide more reliable and valid estimates of individual differences in AM (Lockrow et al, 2021). In controlling for verbosity, density scores measure the amount of all verbal output dedicated to conveying episodic or semantic details about a personal past event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arguably, this more accurately captures the recollective process, which involves top‐down control mechanisms to retrieve details relative to the event and hold them in mind (Piolino et al, 2010) while suppressing recall of non‐relevant (external) details. Indeed, density scores, but not counts, associate with performance‐based laboratory tasks of episodic memory and executive function (Lockrow et al, 2021). As the AI was administered to the present sample without an imposed time constraint, density scores are also less influenced by narrative length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Autobiographical Interview (AI; Levine et al, 2002; Lockrow et al, 2021) served as our measure of AM to examine relationships to brain volume. Participants completed the interview as part of a larger set of cognitive assessments during a separate experimental session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Word count was not different across groups ( F (1,257) = 1.03, p = .310 controlling for site, sex, and education), suggesting that verbosity did not confound density scores. Internal and external density scores were therefore our AM metrics of interest (Lockrow et al, 2021; Spreng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults

2022

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Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to episodic and semantic memory (hippocampus and temporal poles, respectively) are related to age differences in autobiographical recollection. Gray matter volumes were obtained in healthy young (n = 158) and old (n = 105) adults. The temporal pole was demarcated and hippocampus segmented into anterior and posterior regions to test for volume differences between age groups. The Autobiographical Interview was administered to measure episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. Volume associations with episodic and semantic autobiographical memory were then assessed. Brain volumes were smaller for older adults in the posterior hippocampus. Autobiographical memory was less episodic and more semanticized for older versus younger adults. Older adults also showed positive associations between temporal pole volumes and episodic autobiographical recall; in the young, temporal pole volume was positively associated with performance on standard laboratory measures of semantic memory. Exploratory analyses revealed that age‐related episodic autobiographical memory associations with anterior hippocampal volumes depended on sex. These findings suggest that age differences in brain structures implicated in episodic and semantic memory may portend reorganization of neural circuits to support autobiographical memory in later life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults

2022

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Hippocampus and temporal pole functional connectivity is associated with age and individual differences in autobiographical memory

Setton

Mwilambwe-Tshilobo

Turner

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recollection of one’s personal past, or autobiographical memory (AM), varies across individuals and across the life span. This manifests in the amount of episodic content recalled during AM, which may reflect differences in associated functional brain networks. We take an individual differences approach to examine resting-state functional connectivity of temporal lobe regions known to coordinate AM content retrieval with the default network (anterior and posterior hippocampus, temporal pole) and test for associations with AM. Multiecho resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and autobiographical interviews were collected for 158 younger and 105 older healthy adults. Interviews were scored for internal (episodic) and external (semantic) details. Age group differences in connectivity profiles revealed that older adults had lower connectivity within anterior hippocampus, posterior hippocampus, and temporal pole but greater connectivity with regions across the default network compared with younger adults. This pattern was positively related to posterior hippocampal volumes in older adults, which were smaller than younger adult volumes. Connectivity associations with AM showed two significant patterns. The first dissociated connectivity related to internal vs. external AM across participants. Internal AM was related to anterior hippocampus and temporal pole connectivity with orbitofrontal cortex and connectivity within posterior hippocampus. External AM was related to temporal pole connectivity with regions across the lateral temporal cortex. In the second pattern, younger adults displayed temporal pole connectivity with regions throughout the default network associated with more detailed AMs overall. Our findings provide evidence for discrete ensembles of brain regions that scale with systematic variation in recollective styles across the healthy adult life span.

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A smartphone intervention that enhances real-world memory and promotes differentiation of hippocampal activity in older adults

Martin

Hong

Newsome

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The act of remembering an everyday experience influences how we interpret the world, how we think about the future, and how we perceive ourselves. It also enhances long-term retention of the recalled content, increasing the likelihood that it will be recalled again. Unfortunately, the ability to recollect event-specific details and reexperience the past tends to decline with age. This decline in recollection may reflect a corresponding decrease in the distinctiveness of hippocampal memory representations. Despite these well-established changes, there are few effective cognitive behavioral interventions that target real-world episodic memory. We addressed this gap by developing a smartphone-based application called HippoCamera that allows participants to record labeled videos of everyday events and subsequently replay, high-fidelity autobiographical memory cues. In two experiments, we found that older adults were able to easily integrate this noninvasive intervention into their daily lives. Using HippoCamera to repeatedly reactivate memories for real-world events improved episodic recollection and it evoked more positive autobiographical sentiment at the time of retrieval. In both experiments, these benefits were observed shortly after the intervention and again after a 3-mo delay. Moreover, more detailed recollection was associated with more differentiated memory signals in the hippocampus. Thus, using this smartphone application to systematically reactivate memories for recent real-world experiences can help to maintain a bridge between the present and past in older adults.

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Taking stock of the past: A psychometric evaluation of the Autobiographical Interview

Cited by 4 publications

References 214 publications

Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults

Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults

Hippocampus and temporal pole functional connectivity is associated with age and individual differences in autobiographical memory

A smartphone intervention that enhances real-world memory and promotes differentiation of hippocampal activity in older adults

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