“…Bethke‐Langenegger et al (2011) pointed out that TM‐related studies focused primarily on outcomes at the macro level. Though TM practices are designed to achieve macro‐level goals, TM practices affect proximal outcomes more such as employee behavior (Gelens et al, 2014), JS (CIPD, 2001; Deery & Jago, 2015; Huselid, 1995; Mensah, 2015; Mensah & Bawole, 2018), employee engagement (Bhatt & Sharma, 2019; Hughes & Rog, 2008; Pandita & Ray, 2018), organizational commitment (Gajda, 2017; Kontoghiorghes, 2016; Luna‐Arocas et al, 2020; Malik et al, 2017), and ITS (Ambrosius, 2018; Deery & Jago, 2015; Gupta, 2019; Kontoghiorghes, 2016). These studies have examined either (a) the impact of an individual TM component (talent acquisition, TD, talent engagement [TE], or talent retention [TR]) on individual employee‐related outcomes or (b) the impact of TM as one system on an employee job‐related outcomes.…”