Purpose: Engagement with culture as a facet of the work of schools and colleges has been evident since at least the 1950s. The 21st-century interest in culture remains strong, in part because of the growing sense that education faces a scenario where the scale of technological, economic, and social change is unprecedented. Such change demands revisiting cultural values, as practice and power relations are disturbed both by change itself and an inability to assimilate it. The article revisits a seminal question-how far should educational leaders engage with culture as a key theoretical construct, and what are the moral and pragmatic issues that arise? Research Design: The article charts the engagement of the field of educational leadership with culture over time. It critically reviews some of the theoretical models that have been used as analytical and interpretative lenses, considers the scope of the evidence for the utility of the concept of culture, and then explores related implicit and explicit power relations embedded in school leaders' engagement with culture. Findings: The article concludes that a renewed and more rigorous but critical engagement with culture is essential both for Bios Jacky Lumby is professor of education and head of the School of Education at the University of Southampton (UK). She has taught in a range of educational settings, including secondary/high schools, community and further/technical education. Her research and publications on leadership encompass a range of perspectives including comparative and international perspectives, diversity issues and leading high school education.Nick Foskett is Vice Chancellor at Keele University (UK). He was previously Dean of the Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Southampton, where he was professor of education. His publications and research have focused on policy, leadership and management in schools, colleges and universities, with a particular interest in how institutions and leaders respond to the changing external policy environment.