Tall Fescue Persists and Cattle Perform Well on a Novel‐Endophyte Association in the Southern Piedmont USA

Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Seman, Dwight H.; Stuedemann, J. A.

doi:10.1094/fg-2009-0227-01-rs

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, with some of the wettest and driest periods in the 74-year history at this site, we conclude that grazed Piedmont pastures with MaxQ-endophyte association of tall fescue, fertilized with broiler litter, do not appear to pose additional risk for runoff, compared with tall fescue pastures under the common wild-type-endophyte association that are hayed, grazed, or fertilized inorganically or with broiler litter. These results further support a previous recommendation by Franzluebbers et al (2009) for increased adoption of MaxQ with broiler litter fertilization in pastures in the southeastern United States due to excellent average daily gain by cattle and stand persistence of MaxQ.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A likely explanation for this gradient in runoff is a possible similar gradient in forage mass and persistence among the fescue treatments. Franzluebbers et al (2009) associated the greater forage mass with lower forge intake by cattle due to negative effects of the toxins produced by the wild endophyte, potentially resulting in greater residual mass and surface residue input during parts of the year, which likely would have encouraged increased infiltration from the paddocks under this treatment. Franzluebbers et al (2009) also reported a significantly lower percentage ground cover from the Free than the MaxQ or Wild fescue treatments, averaged across years through 2008, suggesting better persistence of the endophyte-associated than the endophyte-free fescue, and potentially increasing the chance of runoff from the latter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the study were reported in Franzluebbers and Stuedemann (2006) and Franzluebbers et al (2009;2012a). The main characteristics are presented below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States

Endale¹,

Franzluebbers²,

Stuedemann³

et al. 2013

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental outcomes from tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] Darbysh.) pastures managed with different levels of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection and choices of harvest and fertilization methods are not well known. We monitored runoff from 14 tall fescue paddocks, 0.9 to 1.1 ha (2.2 to 2.7 ac) each, from April of 2002 to April of 2010 near Watkinsville in the Georgia Piedmont. Three grazed Jesup tall fescue-endpohyte associations (endophyte infected high alkaloid-Wild, endophyte infected low alkaloid-MaxQ, and endophyte free-Free), and two sources of fertilization (inorganic and broiler litter), were replicated twice in a randomized block design. A replicated hayed treatment was planted to Jesup MaxQ with inorganic fertilization as a grazing control. Drought reduced the maximum number of runoff events to 77. A Standardized Precipitation Index analysis showed that the degree of drought was dependent on the time scale considered. The near normal period peaked at a 1-month (74%) scale and was least at a 9-month time scale (32%). Considering a 1-month time scale, there were on average 4 times as many runoff events per month during the near normal, and 16 times as many during the wet and wetter period, as those in the dry and drier period. Fertilizer and fertilizer by fescue interactions in grazed paddocks had significant effect on runoff, whereas main effects of fescue type and harvest methods (graze versus hay) did not. Inorganically fertilized paddocks had 30% greater runoff than those with broiler litter fertilization. The largest runoff amount occurred with inorganic fertilizer and endophyte-free fescue, suggesting a combined impact of reduced persistence of the endophyte-free fescue, with low organic matter input from the inorganic fertilizer. Grazing of Piedmont pastures with MaxQ-endophyte association of tall fescue, and fertilized with broiler litter, does not appear to pose additional risk for runoff, compared to tall fescue pastures under the common wild-type-endophyte association that are hayed or grazed, and fertilized inorganically or with broiler litter. These results further support a previous recommendation for increased adoption of MaxQ with broiler litter fertilization in the southeastern United States, because of excellent average daily gain by cattle and stand persistence of MaxQ.Keywords: broiler litter-endophyte-ergot alkaloid-grazing-hydrology-pasture the large broiler industry in the Georgia Piedmont, have similar ramifications, as does forage removal by grazing animals or haying. Combining these management choices may have implications on nutrient loss via surface and subsurface water movement.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States

Endale¹,

Franzluebbers²,

Stuedemann³

et al. 2013

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…aquatica (10); eggs on E. canadensis (8 eggs) and P. aquatica (21); and larvae (2nd and 3rd instars) on D . glomerata (2 larvae), E. canadensis (10), L. arundinaceum (3), and P . aquatica (203).…”

Section: Accession‐damage Ratings Clb Surveys and Endophyte Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal Leaf Beetle Colonizes Grass Germplasm Nurseries and Impacts Seed Production Activities

Clement

Bradley

Elberson

et al. 2009

Forage grazinglands

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cereal leaf beetle (CLB), Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), colonized grass germplasm nurseries of the USDA, ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) in southeastern Washington. Although 55 (88.7%) of 62 accessions in 2008 nurseries exhibited symptoms of CLB adult feeding, only 17 accessions in the genera Agrostis,Dactylis, Elymus, Lolium, and Phalaris suffered extensive damage (61 to 100% of leaf area of all plants/accession eaten by adults). The heavily damaged accessions recovered and produced seed in 2009. Little or no CLB adult and larval feeding was detected on second‐year nursery plants in 2009. Adults fed on nursery plants of an endophyte‐infected (E+) tall fescue accession in 2008. In experiments, CLB adults fed and oviposited and larvae developed on E+ Kentucky 31 (KY‐31) tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire. These collective results suggest this invasive beetle could attack E+ grass accessions in future WRPIS nurseries. Components of a CLB pest‐management program for grass germplasm nurseries include routine surveys to identify a broad range of endophyte‐free (E‐) and E+ germplasm at risk to CLB‐induced feeding damage, insecticidal sprays if required to control damaging beetle populations, and biological control with introduced parasitoids.

show abstract

“…Stocking rates during the spring averaged 1500 kg body weight/ha. At the conclusion of a 6‐year grazing experiment (8), Jesup MaxQ had 73% basal cover, which was similar to wild‐type Jesup (74%) and greater than for endophyte‐free Jesup (67%).…”

Section: Persistence Of Novel Endophyte‐infected Tall Fescuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Endophyte‐Infected Tall Fescues

Phillips

Aiken

2009

Forage grazinglands

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., formerly Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and, before that, Festuca elatior L.] is a cool‐season perennial grass that is well adapted in the upper transition zone between the temperate northeast and subtropical southeast. Its adaptation in the “fescue belt” is primarily due to a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum [(Morgan‐Jones & Gams.) Glen Bacon & Hanlin], that imparts tolerance to drought, heat, and grazing stresses. Unfortunately, ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte cause a toxicosis in grazing livestock. Cattle exhibiting fescue toxicosis are vasoconstrictive (regardless of prevailing ambient temperature), retain rough hair coats into the summer, and have reduced dry matter (DM) intake. Natural endophytes that do not produce ergot alkaloids have been collected by plant exploration for screening and development of novel endophytes. Grazing experiments have shown similar animal performance and well‐being between multiple novel endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescues. These experiments also showed that novel endophyte‐infected tall fescue can persist under grazing.

show abstract

Tall Fescue Persists and Cattle Perform Well on a Novel‐Endophyte Association in the Southern Piedmont USA

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States

Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States

Cereal Leaf Beetle Colonizes Grass Germplasm Nurseries and Impacts Seed Production Activities

Novel Endophyte‐Infected Tall Fescues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About