Talus bone: normal anatomy, anatomical variations and clinical correlations

Hegazy, Mohammad A.; Khairy, Hossam; Hegazy, Abdelmonem Awad; Sebaei, Mohamed Abd El Fattah; Sadek, Sami Ibrahim

doi:10.1007/s12565-023-00712-y

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In addition, it is important to consider the morphology of the talus. A recent study analyzed the anatomy of the talus and found that, while the overall morphology is generally consistent among individuals, there are slight differences in certain areas, such as the lateral, medial, and posterior tubercle 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures

Wang,

You,

Yin

et al. 2024

Orthopaedic Surgery

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ObjectiveThe talus is an important component in the ankle, and its treatment after injury is crucial. However, complications and adverse events due to incomplete traditional classifications may still occur, and these classifications fail to analyze the patterns and distribution of fractures from a three‐dimensional perspective. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the location and distribution of fracture lines in different types of talus fractures using three‐dimensional (3D) and heat mapping techniques. Additionally, we aimed to determine the surface area of the talus that can be utilized for different approaches of internal fixation, aiding in the planning of surgical procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from CT scans from 126 patients diagnosed with talus fractures at our two hospitals. We extracted the CT data of a healthy adult and created a standard talus model. We performed 3D reconstruction using patients' CT images and superimposed the fracture model onto the standard model for drawing fracture lines. Subsequently, we converted the fracture lines into a heat map for visualization. Additionally, we measured 20 specimens to determine the boundary for various ligaments attached to the talus. We determined the surface area of the talus available for different surgical approaches by integrating the boundary data with previously reported data on area of exposure.ResultsWithout considering the displacement distance of the fracture, fracture types were classified as follows, by combining Hawkins and Sneppen classifications: talar neck, 41.3%; posterior talar tubercle, 22.2%; body for the talus and comminuted, 17.5%; lateral talar tubercle, 11.9%; and talar head, 7.1%. We established fracture line and heat maps using this classification. Additionally, we demonstrated the available area for anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, and medial malleolus osteotomy and Chaput osteotomy approaches.ConclusionFracture line and heat map analyses can aid surgeons in planning a single or combined surgical approach for the reduction and internal fixation of talus fractures. Demonstrating the different surgical approaches can help surgeons choose the most effective technique for individual cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures

Wang,

You,

Yin

et al. 2024

Orthopaedic Surgery

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“…Up to 70% of the surface of the talus is covered by articular cartilage [ 12 ]. The articular surfaces lack lymphatic and blood vessels since the talus has few non-articular regions, the blood supply and healing of the talus are limited [ 9 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, fractures of the head of the talus are the least common region of talus fractures, which represent approximately 3% to 10% of talus fractures [ 15 ]. Although talus fractures are rare, talus is more prone to osteonecrosis than other bones due to its poor arterial supply [ 9 ]. Osteonecrosis may occur due to traumatic and non-traumatic causes and is more common due to traumatic causes [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Foramina of Dry Human Talus: A Morphological Study

Ülkir,

Paslı

2024

Cureus

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Background The talus is the second largest tarsal bone and makes the osseous link between the leg and foot region. The branches of the dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries enter vascular foramina (VF) on the various surfaces of the talus and provide intraosseous blood supply. Understanding the morphology and morphometry of VF might be helpful in reducing the risk of vascular injury associated with surgical interventions to the talus. Aim and objectives The purpose of this study is to contribute reference data for the morphology of VF of talus in a sample from Türkiye. Materials and methods This study was performed on 62 dry talus samples from Türkiye. The number, location, size, and foraminal index of the VF were evaluated on each talus. The total and medial surface lengths, distances of the closest and furthest foramina on the inferior surface, and distances of the closest and furthest foramina on medial surface were measured. Results No VF was detected on articular surfaces and the head of the talus. The majority of VF (1754; 81.17%) were detected on the neck, and 708 (40.36%) were located on the inferior surface of the neck. On the body, VF was mostly detected on the medial surface (233; 57.25%). The mean foraminal indices of the closest and furthest foramina on the inferior surface were 38.85% and 77.89%, respectively. The mean foraminal index of the closest foramina on the medial surface was 33.52%, and the furthest foramina on the medial surface was 63.91%. The total number of VF on 62 tali was determined as 2161. The majority (1521; 70.38%) of the size of VF was ≥0.6 mm. The mean total length was 55.14±4.69 mm, and the medial surface length was 49.18±4.18 mm. Conclusion Knowing the morphologic and morphometric properties of the VF gains importance during surgical interventions to the talus to reduce vascular damage. According to our results, lateral approaches to the talus may be safer than other approaches. To our knowledge, there is no study about the morphology of VF of the talus in Türkiye samples. We believe that the results of this study will provide reference data for morphology and morphometry of VF of talus.

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“…It does not provide an attachment point for the muscles and there is no regularity when viewed from any direction. Owing to the atypical structure of the talus, it has an advantage in terms of mobility but a disadvantage in terms of stability [ 6 , 7 ]. Finally, the ankle joint is also vulnerable to injury as its axis of motion is oblique [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Peroneus Brevis versus Peroneus Longus Muscle Training on Muscle Function in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ko,

Choi,

Lee

2024

Healthcare

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Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common injury that can occur in daily life or sporting events. Injuries to the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments are common, and the core of rehabilitation training involves strengthening the peroneus muscle. Many studies on rehabilitation training have focused on strengthening the peroneus brevis muscle, and few studies have focused on specific training to strengthen the peroneus longus muscle. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in the symptoms and functions of patients by applying training to strengthen the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles. Home-based training and mobile monitoring were utilized for 12 weeks, divided into peroneus brevis training (PBT) and peroneus longus training (PLT), in 52 adult males with CAI. Participation was voluntary, with enrollment done through a bulletin board, and intervention training allocation was randomly assigned and conducted in a double-blind manner. This study was registered as a trial protocol (KCT 0008478). Foot and ankle outcome scores (FAOS), isokinetic ankle strength tests, and Y-balance tests were performed before and after the intervention. Both PLT and PBT significantly improved in FAOS, inversion, and eversion at angular velocities of 30°/s and 120°/s and in the anterior and posterolateral directions of the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). Interaction effects by time and group were not significant for the FAOS (p > 0.05). However, PLT improved eversion muscle strength and muscle power to a greater degree, compared with PBT, in the anterior and posterolateral directions of the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both PLT and PBT were effective for CAI patients; in addition, PLT had greater potential for improving strength and balance.

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Talus bone: normal anatomy, anatomical variations and clinical correlations

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Three‐dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures

Three‐dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures

Vascular Foramina of Dry Human Talus: A Morphological Study

Effects of Peroneus Brevis versus Peroneus Longus Muscle Training on Muscle Function in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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