Tamarind Seed Coat: A Catechin-Rich Source with Anti-Oxidation, Anti-Melanogenesis, Anti-Adipogenesis and Anti-Microbial Activities

Abstract

Tamarindus indica L. or tamarind seed is an industrial by-product of interest to be investigated for its potential and value-added application. An ethanolic tamarind seed coat (TS) extract was prepared using the maceration technique and used to determine the phytochemical composition and bioactivities. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using colorimetric methods; moreover, chemical constituents were identified and quantified compared to the standard compounds using the HPLC-UV DAD technique. Bioactivities were investigated using various models: antioxidative activity in a DPPH assay model, anti-melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and anti-microbial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albican using agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The results manifested a high content of catechin as a chemical constituent and multiple beneficiary bioactivities of TS extract, including superior antioxidation to ascorbic acid and catechin, comparable anti-melanogenesis to deoxyarbutin, and significant anti-adipogenesis through inhibition of pre-adipocyte differentiation and reduction of lipid and triglyceride accumulation, and a broad spectral anti-microbial activity with a selectively high susceptibility to S. aureus when compared to 1% Parabens. Conclusively, TS extract has been revealed as a potential bioactive agent as well as an alternative preservative for application in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical product development.

The Anti-Bacterial Potency of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L.) Seed Coat Extract Against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213TM (In Vitro)

“…There are similarities in the effectiveness of the antibacterial power of tamarind seed coat extract in the results of the previous study. Wandee et al (2022) prove that tamarind seed coat extract has antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus with MBC at 3,9% and MIC 0,09%. The difference in the values of MIC, MBC, and inhibition zone with previous researchers is due to factors, namely the type of solvent used and the place of plant physiological growth, that affect elemental content of plant compounds.…”

“…The difference in the values of MIC, MBC, and inhibition zone with previous researchers is due to factors, namely the type of solvent used and the place of plant physiological growth, that affect elemental content of plant compounds. [24], [25], [26], [27] In this study, it was proved that tamarind seed coat extract has potential effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC ® / 29213 TM bacteria. This happened because the tamarind seed husk extract (Tamarindus indica L.) could inhibit growth at a concentration of 5% and kill at a concentration of 10% against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC ® 29213 TM .…”

Prebiotic, Antipathogenic Bacteria and Hypocholesterolemia Properties of Fermented Rice Bran Extracts Derived from Black Rice and Germinated Brown Rice

“…The MIC was indicated at the lowest concentration, resulting in colony density and size reduction as evidenced by the bacterial growth inhibitory effect. In contrast, the MBC was accounted for at the lowest concentration, resulting in no bacterial colony formation [ 62 ].…”

The Potential of Underutilized Plant Resources and Agricultural Wastes for Enhancing Biodiesel Stability: The Role of Phenolic-Rich Natural Antioxidants

“…Induction period (hours) 110 °C 115 °C [146]. The fruit has a little curvature and is composed of 55% pulp, 34% seeds, 11% shell, and a pod of fiber [147], as seen in Figure 16.…”

“…Polyphenols, or antioxidants, are extracted from their feedstock (plants) using a variety of methods, such as mechanical agitation, maceration [146], and Soxhlet [156], as well as more advanced ones like microwave-assisted [157], ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [154], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [158], and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [159]. Different scholars, for instance [157], have highly recommended UAE for extracting polyphenols from natural source matrices since it offers significant advantages over other approaches, including decreased energy usage.…”