Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) hybrids: the dominant invasive genotype in southern Africa

Mayonde, Samalesu; Cron, G.V.; Gaskin, John F.; Byrne, Marcus J.

doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1249-4

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Sites were chosen based on records of field observation and reports of Tamarix prevalence in each province according to Mayonde et al . (). Parameters such as tree height, canopy cover as well as the count of co‐occurring plants were recorded to estimate the level of invasiveness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(), with the modifications as per Gaskin and Kazmer (); the restriction–ligation steps were performed in a single step in 11 μL as per Mayonde et al . (). The pre‐selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a 20 μL reaction containing 4 μL of the diluted restricted‐ligated product, 10 μL of the Q5 ® Hot Start High‐Fidelity 2x Master Mix (New English BioLabs, Hitchin, UK), 1 μL (0.2 μm) of each pre‐selective amplification primer ( Mse I + C and Eco RI + A) and 4 μL nuclease‐free water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pre‐selective cycling parameters were as per Mayonde et al . (). Ten microlitres of the pre‐selective amplification product was diluted to 200 μL in TE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The selective PCR protocol followed the parameters described in Mayonde et al . (). AFLP fragment analysis was conducted at the Central Analytical Facility at the University of Stellenbosch where 1 μL of each PCR product was combined with 0.3 μL of 500 bp size standard and 28.7 μL of de‐ionised formamide and loaded into an Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA) 3130 Genetic Analyser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and T. ramosissima Ledeb. and their hybrid genotypes have been confirmed to occur in South Africa (Mayonde et al ., , ). These have been classified as category 1b invaders in the alien and invasive species regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 2014 (NEMBA), which demands their immediate control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and abundance of invasive Tamarix genotypes in South Africa

2019

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The exotic Tamarix chinensis and T. ramosissima, believed to have been introduced into South Africa in the early 1900s to control erosion on mine dumps, are invading riparian zones and have been proven to hybridise with T. usneoides, which is native to southern Africa. In this study, we document the abundance of invasive Tamarix genotypes in South Africa. Eleven riparian zones from the Northern, Eastern and Western Cape Provinces were surveyed. Three quadrats of 600 m 2 each were selected per site. Plant density, canopy cover and tree height were recorded to quantify invasiveness. Leaf samples were randomly collected from an average of eight individuals per site to record genotypes of the invaders. Tamarix density and canopy cover were significantly greater than those of co-occurring trees and shrubs in Olifants River in De Rust (Western Cape Province). A linear correlation between percentage Tamarix spp. cover and other cooccurring tree and shrub species showed a strong negative relationship (R 2 = 0.78). Genetic analysis showed that the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces have the highest proportion of the exotic Tamarix species and their hybrids. This suggests that these two provinces require urgent management intervention to contain the spread of the weed. The distinctions made between the native and the exotic Tamarix species and their hybrids should also facilitate the testing and future release of potential biological control agents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pre‐selective cycling parameters were as per Mayonde et al . (). Ten microlitres of the pre‐selective amplification product was diluted to 200 μL in TE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and abundance of invasive Tamarix genotypes in South Africa

2019

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Invasive Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in South Africa: current research and the potential for biological control

et al. 2017

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Most species of Tamarix originate in Eurasia and at least five species have become invasive around the world, including South Africa. However, T. usneoides is indigenous to southern Africa, where the potential for biological control of the invasive species is being investigated. Recent research on the invasive species is reviewed here with particular reference to these South African biocontrol efforts. The successful biological control programme against invasive Tamarix in the USA, using several species of ''Tamarisk beetle'', is being used as a guide for the South African research. The South African programme is complicated by firstly, the presence of the indigenous T. usneoides which raises the precision of host-specificity required, and secondly, the introduced and indigenous Tamarix have a high intrinsic value for phytoremediation of mine tailings dams in South Africa. The phylogenetic proximity of these Tamarix species to each other has contributed to this challenge, which has nevertheless been successfully addressed by molecular techniques used to separate the species. In addition, classical morphological techniques have been used to separate the Tamarisk beetles, so that now they can generally be matched to Tamarix tree species. Overall, it is concluded that given the broad knowledge now available on the ecology and identity of both the trees and their biocontrol agents, the prospects for successful biological control of Tamarix in South Africa are good.

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A successful biocontrol agent in the USA, Diorhabda carinulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae), rejected in South Africa due to insufficient host specificity

2019

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Several countries globally, including South Africa, have been invaded by at least one of five species of Tamarix. South Africa therefore considered using one or more species of leaf-feeding beetles in the genus Diorhabda (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), including Diorhabda carinulata, against invasive T. ramosissima and T. chinensis, since the beetles are highly damaging in the USA. The situation in South Africa is possibly more complicated than that in the USA because there is an indigenous species, Tamarix usneoides, which could potentially serve as a host for the beetles. To investigate this possibility, a series of field and laboratory host specificity tests were conducted using D. carinulata against invasive target Tamarix species and the indigenous non-target T. usneoides. Field tests showed that D. carinulata had a preference for invasive Tamarix species, but readily settled and laid eggs on T. usneoides. Laboratory paired-choice tests showed that adult beetles preferred T. usneoides over T. chinensis and preferred T. ramosissima over T. usneoides, for both feeding and oviposition. Laboratory no-choice tests showed the egg-to-adult survival rate to be higher for individuals reared on T. usneoides than on T. ramosissima. Furthermore, the fecundity of females reared on T. usneoides was higher than that of females reared on T. ramosissima. Diorhabda carinulata is thus not a suitable biocontrol agent against invasive Tamarix in South Africa. An alternative biocontrol agent is currently being sought, and a short-list of candidate agents has already been compiled.

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Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) hybrids: the dominant invasive genotype in southern Africa

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

Distribution and abundance of invasive Tamarix genotypes in South Africa

Distribution and abundance of invasive Tamarix genotypes in South Africa

Invasive Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in South Africa: current research and the potential for biological control

A successful biocontrol agent in the USA, Diorhabda carinulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae), rejected in South Africa due to insufficient host specificity

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