Tamper Detection of JPEG Image Due to Seam Modifications

Abstract

Content-aware image retargeting has been investigated since the last decade as a paradigm of image modification for proper display on the different screen sizes. Modifications, such as seam carving or seam insertion, have been introduced to achieve aforesaid image retargeting. The changes in an image are not easily recognizable by human eyes. Inspired by the Blocking Artifact Characteristics Matrix (BACM), a method to detect tampers caused by seam modification on JPEG retargeted images without knowledge of the original image is proposed in this paper. In a BACM block matrix, we found that the original JPEG image demonstrates a regular symmetrical data, whereas the symmetrical data in a block reconstructed by seam modification is destroyed. Twenty-two features are proposed to train the data by using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method provides a very high recognition rate for those JPEG retargeted images. The source codes and the complete experimental data can be accessed at http://video.minelab.tw/DETS/.

Using Sab-Iomha for an Alpha Channel based Image Forgery Detection

“…The former can be performed through a couple of ways; seam carving and seam insertion. In [17] the authors have studied modification of JPEG images through seam modification. A very minute change in seam effects the pixel ordering.…”

Gradient-based global features for seam carving

“…as e(n 1 , n 2 ) according to (28) Generate accumulative cost matrix according to (13) or (14) 3. Update I(n 1 , n 2 ) by deleting/inserting the seam with minimum energy from the image 4.…”

“…Although several retargeting methods have been developed, such as mesh-deformation-based techniques [4][5][6] and some combinations of multiple methods [7], seam carving still remains an effective tool due to the simplicity and the scalability. Seam carving has expanded in applications, such as for video sequences [8], stereo images [9], image compression [10,11], tamper detection [12,13], and particular images having high image detail concentration [14].…”

A bit toggling approach for AMBTC tamper detection scheme with high image fidelity

“…Fragile watermarking techniques can be applied to images of spatial [3][4] or compressed domains [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Because most of the images are stored and transmitted in compressed formats, the investigation of compressed-domain authentication techniques has received extensive research attention.…”

“…Because most of the images are stored and transmitted in compressed formats, the investigation of compressed-domain authentication techniques has received extensive research attention. A number of compressed domain authentication techniques such as vector quantization [5][6], joint photographic experts group (JPEG) [7][8], and absolute a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111…”