Tandem Quantification of Multiple Carbohydrates in Saliva Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The detection of carbohydrates in human body fluids is critical for disease diagnosis and healthy monitoring. Despite recent advances in glucose sensing, multiplex detection of different carbohydrates within a single assay that is capable of efficiently providing richer health information remains challenging. Herein, we report a versatile surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based platform for the quantitative detection of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose) in one test using a displace-and-trap mechanism. Moreover, due to the use of multiple optical interference-free (1800−2200 cm −1 ) signal-independent Raman probes, the detection range of this platform (0.125−7 mg/dL) perfectly covers physiological concentrations, enabling the quantitative detection of glucose and galactose in clinical human saliva samples. This work provides a noninvasive and high-efficiency potential tool for the screening of clinical diabetes and other carbohydrate-related diseases.

Electrospun porous La–Sr–Co–Ni–O nanofibers for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose detection

“…50 However, a biosensor that is sensitive to multiple carbohydrates may find application for multiple carbohydrates monitoring in human body fluid or fermentation processes. 51–53…”

“…Like most available glucose biosensors, glucose monitor interference by the coexisting biomolecules should be considered in real sample measurements 50 . However, a biosensor that is sensitive to multiple carbohydrates may find application for multiple carbohydrates monitoring in human body fluid or fermentation processes [51][52][53] .…”

Salivary diagnostics in oral cancer

“…Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Proteins Virus Peptides Metabolites [30][31][32] PCR-based Nucleic acids Bacteria Virus [33,34] Raman-spectroscopy Multiple biological molecules [35] Conductive Polymer Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CPSI-MS)…”

Diagnostic plasmonic sensors: opportunities and challenges

“…Many researchers have developed unique schemes and plasmonic structures that utilize SERS and PEF for the detection of pesticides, 28 riboflavin, 29 thrombin, 30 salivary lysozyme, 31 single-stranded deoxyribonucleic Acid (ss-DNA), 32 ebola virus antigen, 33 malaria bio-matrker, 34 matrix metalloproteinases 35 and salivary glucose. 36 Many clinical diagnostic tools are based on conventional approaches, such as serological testing and immunofluorescence. These testing approaches suffer from the basic difficulties of low sensitivity and specificity, prolonged testing times, expensive detection kits, requirements for well-trained technicians, and high-quality samples.…”