Tangible plasticization/filler effects of sodium salts of dimer acids on the mechanical properties of styrene ionomers

Abstract

The effects of the presence of dimer acid (DA) molecules in Na-sulfonated polystyrene (PSSNa) and poly(styrene-co Na-methacrylate) (PSMANa) ionomers on the ionomer properties were investigated using a dynamic mechanical analysis technique. The DA decreased the matrix and cluster T g s of PSSNa ionomer without changing the ionic modulus, suggesting that the DA resided both in the matrix and cluster regions of PSSNa ionomer and acted mainly as a plasticizer. On the other hand, the DA decreased the cluster T g of PSMANa ionomer, without changing the matrix T g , and also increased the ionic modulus, implying that the DA behaved like plasticizer only for the cluster regions.

Quantitative analysis of cyclic dimer fatty acid content in the dimerization product by proton NMR spectroscopy

“…The synthesis of the dimer acid using the fatty acid in vegetable oil followed previous reports [10,12,26,27]. The clay catalyzed method is well known as a better strategy to synthesize the dimer acids than radical coupling method, which inevitably leads to greater amounts of undesirable contents of trimers and higher oligomers [27].…”

“…It is composed of palmitic acid (C16, 15.9%), stearic acid (C18, 3.1%), oleic acid (C18, 44.9%), linoleic acid (C18, 31.5%), and some residues (4.6%) [10,12]. In this study, the fatty acids mixture consisted of 19.1% saturated fatty acid (C16) and 80.9% unsaturated fatty acids (C18) which are composed of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and their isomers [10]. The overall synthesis process is illustrated in Fig.…”

“…In this research, the montmorillonite was used as a clay catalyst to acquire cyclic compounds. According to a previous study, dimer acids could be synthesized up to 89.6% conversion yield (mass of synthesized dimer acids/mass of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oil) using an acidic clay catalyst at 250°C for 4 h reaction [10].…”

“…Dimer acids, produced by the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oil, are highly value-added products and are widely used as adhesives [7][8][9], plastic additives [10,11], and lubricants [12]. Several synthesis methods have been investigated to date to obtain dimer acids.…”

Glass transition temperature of styrene‐based ionomer controlled over a very wide temperature range by nonpolar plasticizer content and ion content

“…28 Relatively nonpolar dimer acid molecules were also used as plasticizers for the SPS and PSMANa ionomers. 29 It was found that an addition of the dimer acid molecules reduced both the matrix T g and cluster T g of the SPS ionomer, but as for the PSMANa ionomer it reduced only the cluster T g .…”