Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries

Crawford, Rory; Ellenberg, Ursula; Frere, Esteban; Hagen, Christina; Baird, Karen; Brewin, Paul E.; Crofts, Sarah; Glass, James P.; Mattern, Thomas; Pompert, J.; Ross, Karen; Kemper, Jessica; Ludynia, Katrin; Sherley, Richard B; Steinfurth, Antje; Suazo, Cristián G.; Yorio, Pablo; Tamini, L.; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Bugoni, Leandro; Uzcátegui, Gustavo Jiménez; Simeone, Alejandro; Luna‐Jorquera, Guillermo; Gandini, Patricia; Woehler, Eric J.; Pütz, Klemens; Dann, Peter; Chiaradia, André; Small, Cleo

doi:10.3354/esr00869

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Pursuit‐diving seabirds are particularly susceptible to bycatch in gillnet fisheries (Žydelis et al, ). As the most well‐adapted bird group for diving, penguins are among the most vulnerable waterbirds, comprising 14 of the 18 species incidentally captured in fisheries, with eight of them entangled in gillnet fisheries (Crawford et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…susceptible to bycatch in gillnet fisheries (Žydelis et al, 2013). As the most well-adapted bird group for diving, penguins are among the most vulnerable waterbirds, comprising 14 of the 18 species incidentally captured in fisheries, with eight of them entangled in gillnet fisheries (Crawford et al, 2017). Majluf, Babcock, Riveros, Schreiber, and Alderete (2002) reported an annual bycatch of about 400 Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in drift gillnets between 1991and 1998, in Punta San Juan, Peru, and Simeone, Bernal, and Meza (1999 605 Humboldt and 58…”

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confidence: 99%

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High mortality of adult female Magellanic penguins by gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil

Fogliarini

Bugoni

Haimovici

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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Bycatch in gillnet fisheries is one of the main threats to several penguin species. Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) are caught by gillnets during their wintering in southern Brazil. However, current information is based only on a small number of sets observed during a single fishing trip. This study assesses bycatch rates of bottom and drift gillnets operating in southern Brazil, and describes the sex and age classes of individuals captured. In 80 bottom gillnet sets, 33 penguins were captured (85% adults), 14 were sexed of which 13 were females. In 41 drift gillnet sets, four penguins were captured, three of which were juveniles. The mean bycatch rates, measured as number of penguins km−2 of net and number of penguins km−2 h−1, were significantly higher for the drift gillnets. Despite the lower bycatch rates, owing to the higher fishing effort in terms of number of boats, net length, net area, soak time and fishing season, the magnitude of penguin bycatch in the bottom gillnet fishery cannot be ignored. Despite based on small sample size, the predominance of adult and female Magellanic penguins as bycatch in gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil agrees with previous studies suggesting that females displace further north than males. In addition, such evidence contributes to the male‐biased sex ratio in breeding grounds, and the long‐term decline of major Patagonian colonies owing to higher female mortality during winter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High mortality of adult female Magellanic penguins by gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil

Fogliarini

Bugoni

Haimovici

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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show abstract

“…Other threats likely to be underestimated that require additional research include impacts of bycatch (all penguins [Crawford et al. ]), plastic ingestion (e.g., Magellanic penguins [Marques et al. ]), and invasive species (all seabirds [Spatz et al.…”

Section: Conservation and Research Needs For All Penguinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins

Boersma

Borboroglu

Gownaris

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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More than half of the world's 18 penguin species are declining. We, the Steering Committee of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Penguin Specialist Group, determined that the penguin species in most critical need of conservation action are African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), and Yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Due to small or rapidly declining populations, these species require immediate scientific collaboration and policy intervention. We also used a pairwise-ranking approach to prioritize research and conservation needs for all penguins. Among the 12 cross-taxa research areas we identified, we ranked quantifying population trends, estimating demographic rates, forecasting environmental patterns of change, and improving the knowledge of fisheries interactions as the highest priorities. The highest ranked conservation needs were to enhance marine spatial planning, improve stakeholder engagement, and develop disaster-management and species-specific action plans. We concurred that, to improve the translation of science into effective conservation for penguins, the scientific community and funding bodies must recognize the importance of and support long-term research; research on and conservation of penguins must expand its focus to include the nonbreeding season and juvenile stage; marine reserves must be designed at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales; and communication between scientists and decision makers must be improved with the help of individual scientists and interdisciplinary working groups.

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“…Similarly, the southern Tasman Sea does not show a very high level of maritime traffic compared to other regions, although the penguin routes cross some navigation routes that link New Zealand with Australia (https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/home/centerx:151.0/centery:-45.0/zoom:4). Hence, at least during their pre-moult migration Tawaki seem to face little to no risk from regional anthropogenic influences, unlike the other New Zealand mainland species [76,77]…”

Section: Potential For Fisheries Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marathon penguins – reasons and consequences of long-range dispersal in Fiordland penguins / Tawaki during the pre-moult period

Mattern

Pütz²,

Borboroglu

et al. 2018

Preprint

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19Migratory species often roam vast distances bringing them into contact with diverse conditions and 20 threats that could play significant roles in their population dynamics. This is especially true if long-21 range travels occur within crucial stages of a species' annual life-cycle. Crested penguins, for 22 example, usually disperse over several hundreds of kilometres after completing of the energetically 23 demanding breeding season and in preparation for the costly annual moult. A basic understanding 24 of crested penguins' pre-moult dispersal is therefore paramount in order to be able to assess factors 25 affecting individual survival. The Fiordland penguin / tawaki, the only crested penguin species 26 breeding on the New Zealand mainland, is currently one of the least studied and rarest penguin 27 species in the world. We successfully satellite tracked the pre-moult dispersal of 17 adult Tawaki 28 from a single colony located in the species' northern breeding distribution. Over the course of 8-10 29 weeks the penguins travelled up to 2,500 km away from their breeding colony, covering total 30 swimming distances of up to 6,800 km. During outbound travels all penguins headed south-west 31 within a well-defined corridor before branching out towards two general trip destinations. Birds 32 leaving in late November travelled towards the Subtropical Front some 800 km south of Tasmania, 33 whereas penguins that left in December headed further towards the subantarctic front. Using K-34 select analysis we examined the influence of oceanographic factors on the penguins' dispersal. 35Water depth, surface current velocity and sea level anomalies had the greatest influence on penguin 36 movements at the subantarctic Front, while sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration 37 were key for birds travelling to the subtropical front. We discuss our findings in the light of 38 anthropogenic activities (or lack thereof) in the regions visited by the penguins as well as the 39 potential consequences of Tawaki pre-moult dispersal for the species' breeding distribution on the 40 New Zealand mainland. 41PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26527v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access |

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Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries

Cited by 63 publications

References 78 publications

High mortality of adult female Magellanic penguins by gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil

High mortality of adult female Magellanic penguins by gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil

Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins

Marathon penguins – reasons and consequences of long-range dispersal in Fiordland penguins / Tawaki during the pre-moult period

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