Tank-Mix compatibility of the entomopathogenic nematodes,HeterorhabditisbacteriophoraandSteinernema carpocapsae, with selected chemical pesticides used in turfgrass

Effects of selected insecticides on osmotically treated entomopathogenic nematodes

“…4/2012 fipronil and chlorpyrifos (Prakasa Rao et al 1975, Rovesti et al 1988, Koppenhöfer et al 2003, Alumai & Grewal 2004, García del Pino & Jové 2005, Negrisoli Jr et al 2010. Cypermethrin caused 12% mortality in S. carpocapsae in a study by Negrisoli Jr et al (2010), whereas in our study mortality of S. carpocapsae caused by cypermethrin remained below 1%.…”

“…In our study, the compound proved lethal to S. carpocapsae All at RC, with 58% and 31% mortality of untreated and osmotically treated IJ, respectively, and it impaired the infectivity of the nematode even at very low concentrations (1/10 RC and 1/50 RC). The adverse effects of the insecticides tested in the present study on S. carpocapsae may be due to the direct toxicity of the active ingredient to the nematode or to the detrimental effects of the formulation on the symbiotic bacteria (Alumai & Grewal 2004, Hara & Kaya 1983.…”

Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Neonicotinoids and Azadirachtin Insecticides for Controlling the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in Canola Plants

“…The result in Table 1 suggests no significant difference between control and insecticide groups in later time points. Nematode survival rates in this study were similar to that reported by [23] who indicated that a recommended rates of pesticides directly applied with S. carpocapsae had no effect on S. carpocapsae virulence (more than 96% survival rate) at room temperature for 3 hours. [24] confirmed that the compatibility between nematodes and botanical insecticides or chemical insecticides at recommended doses had no effects on survival rates after 72 hours of exposure.…”

Entomopathogenic Nematode Application Technology

“…Composted manure may be beneficial to EPN by reducing natural enemies, e.g., nematophagous fungi (Duncan et al, 2007). Some chemical pesticides are harmful to EPNs (e.g., abamectin, acephate, aldicarb, dodine, fenamiphos, methomyl, parathion, and teflubenuron), whereas others tend to be compatible and in some cases may be synergistic when applied with EPNs (e.g., carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, fonofos, tefluthrin, imidicloprid) (Alumai & Grewal, 2004;Koppenhöfer & Fuzy, 2008;Koppenhöfer & Grewal, 2005;Koppenhöfer & Kaya, 1998;Nishimatsu & Jackson, 1998;Shapiro-Ilan, Cottrell, & Wood, 2011). Akin to interactions with other microbial agents, the relationship between chemical pesticides and EPNs depends on the particular chemical and nematode species or population, dosages, and timing of application (Benz, 1971;Koppenhöfer & Grewal, 2005), and therefore specific combinations should be tested on a case-by-case basis.…”