Tannin–Phenol Formaldehyde Resins As Binders for Cellulosic Fibers: Mechanical Properties

Abstract

In this study Eucalyptus tannin (T) was isolated from outer bark of Eucalyptus trees; as sodium phenoxide salt and used as extender or copolymer into phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin at five percent (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50)% W/W. Tannin-phenol formaldehyde (TPF) and tannin formaldehyde-phenol formaldehyde (TFPF) resins that synthesized in this study were evaluated as adhesive material for cellulosic fibers by study the mechanical properties of the composite sheets. The results show that the substituting of (PF) with tannin at (10-50)% W/W give resins with mechanical properties comparable or near to those of pure (PF), where the tensile strength at break (T b) ranging from 15.15 Mpa to 22.27 Mpa as compared with 17.6 Mpa for pure (PF); while the impact strength properties (Im) of composites sheets increased with increased the (T) percents which were about 5.16 KJ/m 2 for (TPF-10%) and 7.21 KJ/m 2 for (TPF-50%) .On the other hand modification of (T) to tannin formaldehyde resin (TF) appear less performance at the results of this study, this effect probably to low penetration of (TFPF) resins between the small voids of cellulose fibers when soaked it in resin solutions. In general the results of this study indicate that the Eucalyptus tannin can be used for partial substitution of (PF) to produce resins with feasible mechanical properties and can be used in some applications of (PF) resins.

A brief review on the chemical modifications of lignocellulosic fibers for durable engineering composites

“…Dimensional stability and resistance against biodegradation were found to increase for cedar wood coated with phenol-formaldehyde resin [81]. Cellulose fibers coated similarly with plant tannin-based PF resin exhibited increased tensile strength [82]. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a natural, plant-based polymer of cardanol, cardol and anacardic acid monomer units, has been condensation polymerized and impregnated into alkali-treated sisal fibers and heated to form composites with high tensile strength and resistant to photodegradation [83].…”

Kualitas Hardboard Dua Jenis Bambu Dengan Tambahan Tanin Resorsinol Formaldehida

“…Perekat PF dan RF bersifat thermosetting waterproof dan sehingga sesuai untuk tujuan eksterior. Keunggulan perekat RF dibandingkan PF adalah suhu untuk curing /hardening lebih rendah (Hussein, Ibrahim, & Abdulla, 2011). mpelajari hardboard Tulisan ini me kualitas menggunakan bahan serat alternatif dua jenis dari bamb tali dan ampel u, yaitu jenis bambu dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik sifat (sifat dasar dan fisis mekanis ) produk papan serat dari masingmasing bambu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian dua jenis bambu tersebut sebagai bahan baku papan serat.…”

“…Perbedaan proporsi campuran serat (pulp (Santoso, 2011;et al, Hussein, 2011). Akibatnya, setelah TRF mengeras, sifat higroskopis serat menurun dan kestabilan dimensi hardboard meningkat.…”

“…Pada saat perekat TRF mulai dan sudah mengeras ( ), fenomena cured ini berperan positif terhadap kerapatan dapat dan ketiga sifat kekuatan tersebut hardboard Santoso, 2011;(Suchsland & Woodson, 1986;Hussein et al, 2011).…”

Characterization of Tannin-Based Resins from the Barks of <i>Ficus platyphylla</i> and of <i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i>: Composites’ Performances and Applications

“…Authors have reported on the development of biodegradable materials [6] [11]. Several other natural adhesives were developed using derivatives of plants and authors have analyzed the tannin structures used in the composition of adhesives [12]- [18]. Other authors have analyzed the use of tannin-based additives for thermal stabilization in bonding applications [19] [20] [21].…”