Tannins: Prospectives and Actual Industrial Applications

Abstract

The origin of tannins, their historical evolution, their different types, and their applications are described. Old and established applications are described, as well as the future applications which are being developed at present and that promise to have an industrial impact in the future. The chemistry of some of these applications is discussed where it is essential to understand the tannins and their derivates role. The essential points of each application, their drawbacks, and their chance of industrial application are briefly discussed. The article presents historical applications of tannins, such as leather, or traditional medicine, and more recent applications.

Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach

“…Under this frame, wollastonite (as a silicate mineral, CaSiO 3 ) was found to improve the biological and physicomechanical properties of both solid wood and wood based panels, as well as to improve the fire retardancy and to increase thermal conductivity coefficient in medium-density fiberboards (MDF) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], therefore, the first aim of the present study was to find out possible effects that wollastonite may have on physical and mechanical properties of two engineering wood composites, namely medium-density fiberboards and particleboards. Based on potential positive results of the addition of wollastonite on properties of composite panels in the present study, future studies on decreasing urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin content, or even using an eco-friendly resin within a green framework, would be predictable and should be carried out, similar to what was previously achieved by the application of tannin in wood-composite panels [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

“…Wollastonite-5%-feather treatment was closely clustered to wollastonite-treated panels; this clearly showed that, although there was an addition of feathers to the MDF-matrix, and a significant diminishment in properties was anticipated, wollastonite could compensate for the loss to a great extent. With due consideration to the mitigating effects of wollastonite on the overall properties, future studies on decreasing resin content are to be carried out, similar to what was previously achieved by the application of tannin in wood-composite panels [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Moreover, 5%-feather treatment was closely clustered to the control panels; this indicated that through addition of 5% of feathers to the MDF-matrix, the overall properties remained the same.…”

“…It is reported by the Ministry of Agriculture of Iran that the production of chicken feathers in 2012 was about 80,000 metric tons; this figure corresponds to a manufacture of approximately 20 million composite panels by incorporating 5% feather content in to the wood furnishes. It also has to be mentioned that two million metric tons of chicken feathers are produced annually in the United States [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] whereas a figure of 3.1 million tons of feather waste is reported for the European Union [34][35][36]. Nowadays, high amounts of chicken feathers are disposed of in landfills and only a very small portion are converted into low-nutritional-value animal food [34][35][36].…”

Preliminary Studies on the Application of Grape Seed Extract in the Dyeing and Functional Modification of Cotton Fabric

“…The earliest applications are found in the field of leather and textile processing. In ancient times, tannins were used as a tanning material of leathers [3], and a colorant for the black coloring of silk, wool and cotton textiles, where the black colors result from the complexation between tannins and iron salts [4][5][6][7]. Later, more applications of tannins were further reported.…”

Characterization and Preparation of Furanic-Glyoxal Foams

“…The most common traditional foams are mainly polyurethane (PUR) [3][4][5][6], polystyrene (PS) [7,8], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [9], polyethylene (PE) [10,11], and phenolic resin-based (PF) foams [12]. In recent decades, as the research on biomass materials to replace petrochemical products has become a hot topic, the study of tannin and furfuryl alcohol as the main raw materials to prepare tannin-furan rigid foams has received much attention [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”