Tansley Review No. 59 Leaf boundary layers

Schuepp, P. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03898.x

Cited by 407 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Lobed leaves are generally associated with adaptation to shade [45]; however, in very small leaves lobes are associated with high density of major veins that maintain equable water potential across the leaf under bright conditions [46,47]. Small dissected leaves also enable rapid convective cooling, protecting the leaves from overheating in high light and still air [46,[48][49][50]. Furthermore, the relatively low inferred LMA of Fairlingtonia (electronic supplementary material, S1) is a value typical of herbaceous plants in riparian habitats [34].…”

Section: (B) Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Jud¹

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Eudicot flowering plants comprise roughly 70% of land plant species diversity today, but their early evolution is not well understood. Fossil evidence has been largely restricted to their distinctive tricolpate pollen grains and this has limited our understanding of the ecological strategies that characterized their primary radiation. I describe megafossils of an Early Cretaceous eudicot from the Potomac Group in Maryland and Virginia, USA that are complete enough to allow reconstruction of important life-history traits. I draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of functional traits, phylogenetic analysis and sedimentological evidence to reconstruct the biology of this extinct species. These plants were small and locally rare but widespread, fast-growing herbs. They had complex leaves and they were colonizers of bright, wet, disturbance-prone habitats. Other early eudicot megafossils appear to be herbaceous rather than woody, suggesting that this habit was characteristic of their primary radiation. A mostly herbaceous initial diversification of eudicots could simultaneously explain the heretofore sparse megafossil record as well as their rapid diversification during the Early Cretaceous because the angiosperm capacity for fast reproduction and fast evolution is best expressed in herbs.

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Section: (B) Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Jud¹

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Between-habitat variations in leaf size are usually explained by the leaf energy balance hypothesis (Taylor 1975;Parkhurst and Loucks 1972;Givnish and Vermeij 1976). Larger leaves are more likely to be overheated than smaller ones (Givnish 1978(Givnish , 1979(Givnish , 1984Givnish and Vermeij 1976;Parkhurst and Loucks 1972;Schuepp 1993;Vogel 1970). …”

Section: Leaf Size Frequency Distributions Within Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

Sun

2009

Evol Ecol

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Because leaf size scales negatively and isometrically with leaf number per shoot size (leafing intensity) in woody species, and because most tree and shrub species have small leaves, Kleiman and Aarssen (J Ecol 95:376-382, 2007) recently proposed that natural selection favors high leafing intensity resulting in small leaves, i.e., the leafingintensity-premium hypothesis. However, empirical evidence for or against this hypothesis is still lacking. In addition, this hypothesis has not been examined in the context of how leaf size varies among habitats. To fill this void, we investigated leaf size frequency distributions of woody species from temperate China and explored the relationships among leaf mass, leaf number, and stem mass of current-year shoots of 133 woody species at low and high altitudes of three mountain ranges. The scaling relationships between leaf size and leafing intensity (leaf number per stem mass) were determined using both standardized major axis regression analyses and phylogenetically independent comparative techniques. In light of the leafing-intensity-premium hypothesis, we made three predictions: (1) leaf size frequency distributions should be right-skewed for each local study area and for the entire study region, (2) leafing intensities at different altitudes at different sites should differ while leafing intensities at comparable altitudes should be similar baring large taxonomic differences among sites, and (3) that leafing intensity should be higher for any given leaf size in habitats with small-leaved species. Significant negative and isometric scaling relationships between leaf size and leafing intensity were found to be consistently conserved independent of habitat type, both across species and across correlated evolutionary divergences. Within each mountain range or across the entire study region, leaf size frequency distributions were right-skewed, in accordance with our prediction. However, leafing intensity was smaller for any given leaf size at the altitude with smaller leafed 123Evol Ecol (2010) 24:685-701 DOI 10.1007 species than for altitudes characterized by large leafed species, i.e., altitudes characterized by species with small leaves did not have consistently higher leafing intensities than other altitudes on each mountain range. Our analyses therefore indicate the direct adaptive value of leaf size but not the selective advantage in high leafing intensity as posited by the leafing-intensity-premium hypothesis. We suggest that this hypothesis explains less about the variation of leaf size among different habitats as it does about variation within habitats, i.e., the relative importance of the adaptive significance of leafing intensity and leaf size can and does vary with habitats.

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“…Seed ferns had highly divided, multiply compound leaves or "fronds". Particularly in light of xeromorphic morphology, this type of frond construction may have reduced the distance between veins and stomata, allowing more rapid movement of water through highresistance mesophyll tissues and, at the same time, reduced boundary layer effects, allowing more rapid removal of water from the evaporative surface via transpiration (Schuepp, 1993). Although any given small surface may have experienced low rates of water loss, it is possible that the whole plant exhibited a large surface area through which water might have been translocated in relatively larger volumes than might be estimated from a small surface area.…”

Section: Additional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecology of Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, and its implications for resolving the paradox of ‘xeromorphic’ plants in Pennsylvanian wetlands

Stull

DiMichele

Falcon-Lang

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Tansley Review No. 59 Leaf boundary layers

Cited by 407 publications

References 157 publications

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

Palaeoecology of Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, and its implications for resolving the paradox of ‘xeromorphic’ plants in Pennsylvanian wetlands

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