Tanzanian mushrooms and their uses 4. Some reddish edible and poisonous Amanita species

Härkönen, Marja; Saarimäki, Tiina; Mwasumbi, Leonard

doi:10.29203/ka.1994.306

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In Tanzania mushrooms play vital roles ecologically, socially, and economically in different communities although they are poorly studied [6]. No ethno-mycological study has been done in the country except some few uses that has been recorded on specific taxa [3,7,8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folk taxonomy and use of mushrooms in communities around Ngorongoro and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Tibuhwa

2012

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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BackgroundMaasai and Kurya form two main communities around the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania which are mainly pastoralists. Changing climate to excessive drought, have recently forced them to start practicing subsistence farming which is severely affected by wild animals. This study explored status of the folk taxonomy and uses of mushrooms in the two communities as a pave way for possibilities of introducing mushroom cultivation, an alternative crop which is hardly affected by wild animals.MethodsFolk taxonomy and use mushrooms by the Kurya and Maasai communities were investigated. Information was collected by face to face interviews with 150 individuals in 6 selected villages. Using descriptive statistics by Statistic Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0, the demographic characteristics of informants were evaluated and cross relationships with the recorded data were analysed.ResultsKurya are mycophilic with 94% of the informants recognizing utilization of the wild mushroom either as foodstuff or as tonics while the Maasai are mycophobic with 99% being unaware of the edibility of mushroom although 28% recognized mushrooms as tonic. For both communities, the knowledge of mushroom utilization and folk taxonomy increased with age of the informants, while it decreases with formal education level of the informants which imply that the basis of knowledge is mainly traditional. Comparing the two communities, the Maasai use mushrooms only for medicinal purposes and never sought them for food while the Kurya were well knowledgeable on the edibility and folk classification especially the Termitomyces species. Characters used in folkal taxonomy included color and size of the basidiomata, shape and size of the pseudorrhiza, habitats and edibility information. A new use of ascospores whereby they anaesthaesia bees during honey harvesting was discovered, and mushroom cultivation was widely welcomed (94.7%) as an alternative crop which is rarely affected by wild animals.ConclusionIn order to salvage a noted tremendous decrease of knowledge in mushroom utilization and folk taxonomy from vanishing, there is a need to document it throughout, and incorporate it in lower levels of our education system. Mushroom cultivation may possibly be the best alternative crop for the two communities thus should be advocated for improving livelihood and reduce human wildlife conflicts. The new recorded use of ascospores to anaesthaesia the bees during honey harvesting should be exploited and scaled up for sustainable integrated bee keeping and mushroom farming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folk taxonomy and use of mushrooms in communities around Ngorongoro and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Tibuhwa

2012

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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“…Zoberi (1979) and Floch et al (1966) showed that this species is toxic and that its toxicity would be due to the presence of an extremely thermolabile and water soluble alkaloid. This argument is supported by Härkönen et al 1994 who even suggested that the toxicity of C. molybdites is more related to individual sensibility than the specific toxin contained in the specimens. C. molybdites is consumed in the neighbouring country Benin as attested by De Kesel et al (2002).…”

Section: Extract Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, it does give an indication for the toxicity of mushroom. In a similar way, Malawians and Tanzanians recognized a potential species healthy for human consumption when it is colonized by the larvae of insects (Härkönen et al 1994). Still, almost all fleshy mushrooms harbour insects larvae in their fruit bodies regardless of if they are good edible or extremely toxic.…”

Section: Extract Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the toxicity level of some useful mushrooms of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Guissou¹,

Yorou²,

Sankara³

et al. 2015

J. App. Bioscience.

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Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential risks of intoxication following the ingestion of wild mushrooms. Methodology and results: This study was carried out on four different species of wild mushrooms including two edible species Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites and Phlebopus sudanicus and two medicinal ones, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus pachyphloeus. These species were analyzed on their acute toxicity and their LD50 were calculated based on dry material. The fresh mushroom weights equivalent to the threshold of the LD50 was also evaluated. The fungal species LD50 were 695.62 mg/kg; 679.09 mg/kg; 395.19 mg/kg and 1070.79 mg/kg for P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites, G. lucidum and P. pachyphloeus respectively. By comparing these values to the scale of toxicity from Hodge and Sterner, the extracts of P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites and P. pachyphloeus are classified among the substances slightly toxic while G lucidum is classified like toxic substance. The fresh mushrooms values equivalent to the lyophilized used for the species were 2.47 kg; 3.67 kg; 1.22 kg and 7.96 kg respectively for P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites, G. lucidum and P. Pachyphloeus. Conclusion and application of results: By taking a minimum of precautions, these species could be developed on the nutritional and therapeutic level.However, it is necessary to undertake toxicity study on the fresh material and by oral way, form of administration generally recommended by the tradi-therapeutists.

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“…Some brightly coloured Amanita species are also well liked by Tanzanians, including A . mafigensis, A. hemibapha and A. tanzanica (Harkonen et al , 1994).…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Wild Fungi to Diet, Income and Health: A World Review

Román

2010

Progress in Mycology

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Tanzanian mushrooms and their uses 4. Some reddish edible and poisonous Amanita species

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Folk taxonomy and use of mushrooms in communities around Ngorongoro and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Folk taxonomy and use of mushrooms in communities around Ngorongoro and Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Assessing the toxicity level of some useful mushrooms of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

The Contribution of Wild Fungi to Diet, Income and Health: A World Review

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