Tap Water Scalds Among Seniors and the Elderly: Socioeconomics and Implications for Prevention

Alden, Nicole E.; Bessey, Palmer Q.; Rabbitts, A.; Hyden, Philip W.; Yurt, Roger W.

doi:10.1097/01253092-200603001-00098

Cited by 2 publications

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“…15 However, the effect of scalding burns in the elderly is greater, and even small scalding burns can have fatal consequences. 16 Severe injuries due to electrical burns are also common in developing nations. The theft of electrical cables is a common problem in South Africa and may result in fatal electrocution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

five-year overview of fatal thermal and electrical burns in Johannesburg, South Africa

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Liphoko

2021

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Burn injuries affect millions of people globally each year. South Africa is a developing country where fatal fires are common. Despite the pervasiveness of fatal burns in South Africa, there is a paucity of information regarding the frequency of fatal burns in the city of Johannesburg. This study aimed to describe the demographics and frequency of fatal burn cases received at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-legal Laboratory for medico-legal death investigations. This study was a five-year (2010-2014) retrospective review of 185 forensic medico-legal case files of the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-legal Laboratory. The demographic at the greatest risk of fatal burns in Johannesburg, South Africa are black males between the ages of 20-39 years. The most common type of fatal burns is thermal in nature, as a result of flames. Burns are prevalent in the winter months, most notably July and August. Burn wounds are most common on the head, chest, upper back, abdomen, arms, and legs. This study is the first to report of fatal burns in Johannesburg, South Africa and may be used as a source to improve public services for the prevention of fatal burns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

five-year overview of fatal thermal and electrical burns in Johannesburg, South Africa

Keyes

Liphoko

2021

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“… 5 Even small scalds (defined as having a mean 7% total body surface area) may lead to high mortality (22%). 6 According to a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report, the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury mortality among people aged 65 years or older is because of scald-related injuries. 7 Therefore, treating scalds has now became a substantial challenge in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin regeneration in deep second-degree scald injuries either by infusion pumping or topical application of recombinant human erythropoietin gel

Giri¹,

Ebert²,

Braumann³

et al. 2015

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Large doses of recombinant growth factors formulated in solution form directly injected into the body is usual clinical practice in treating second-degree scald injuries, with promising results, but this approach creates side effects; furthermore, it may not allow appropriate levels of the factor to be sensed by the target injured tissue/organ in the specific time frame, owing to complications arising from regeneration. In this research, two delivery methods (infusion pumping and local topical application) were applied to deliver recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) for skin regeneration. First, rHuEPO was given in deep second-degree scald injury sites in mice by infusion pump. Vascularization was remarkably higher in the rHuEPO pumping group than in controls. Second, local topical application of rHuEPO gel was given in deep second-degree scald injury sites in rats. Histological analysis showed that epithelialization rate was significantly higher in the rHuEPO gel-treated group than in controls. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the rHuEPO gel-treated group showed remarkably higher expression of skin regeneration makers than the control group. An accurate method for visualization and quantification of blood vessel networks in target areas has still not been developed up to this point, because of technical difficulties in detecting such thin blood vessels. A method which utilizes a series of steps to enhance the image, removes noise from image background, and tracks the vessels edges for vessel segmentation and quantification has been used in this study. Using image analysis methods, we were able to detect the microvascular networks of newly formed blood vessels (less than 500 μm thickness), which participate in the healing process, providing not only nutrition and oxygen to grow tissues but also necessary growth factors to grow tissue cells for complete skin regeneration. The rHuEPO-treated group showed higher expression of stem cell markers (CD 31, CD 90, CD 71, and nestin), which actively contribute to in-wound-healing processes for new hair follicle generation as well as skin regeneration. Collectively, both rHuEPO group pumping into the systemic circulation system, and injection into the local injury area, prompted mice and rats to form new blood vessel networks in scald injury sites, which significantly participate in the scald healing process. These results may lead to the development of novel treatments for scald wounds.

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Tap Water Scalds Among Seniors and the Elderly: Socioeconomics and Implications for Prevention

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

five-year overview of fatal thermal and electrical burns in Johannesburg, South Africa

five-year overview of fatal thermal and electrical burns in Johannesburg, South Africa

Skin regeneration in deep second-degree scald injuries either by infusion pumping or topical application of recombinant human erythropoietin gel

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