Taraxasterol prompted the anti-tumor effect in mice burden hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating T lymphocytes

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common digestive malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, however, the treatment of HCC and prognosis of patients are not optimistic, finding more effective treatments are imperative. Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg is a perennial herb of compositae, and our study has demonstrated that Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide has certain anti-tumor effect on HCC cells. Taraxasterol (TS) is a natural product extracted from Taraxacum officinale with strong physiological, pharmacological and biological activities, but the effect of TS on HCC is yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of dandelion sterol on HCC in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that TS significantly inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle in HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 cells in vitro. TS inhibited the tumor growth of H22 bearing mice and the expression of Ki67 in vivo. More importantly, TS regulated the immunity of H22 bearing mice by elevating the ratio of CD4+ T cells in spleen, and increasing the number of T cell infiltration in tumor tissue. Except immunomodulation, the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition may be related to the regulation of apoptosis related proteins and IL-6/STAT3 pathway. TS significantly inhibited the growth of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The study would provide a theoretical basis for the new application of TS and the adjuvant treatment of malignant tumor with traditional Chinese medicine.

Extraction of polysaccharides from Maca enhances the treatment effect of 5-FU by regulating CD4+T cells

“…Wen-Ting Fei et al reported that the mechanism of immunomodulatory effect of Maca polysaccharides was related to inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis and promoting the balance of Th1/Th2 cell subsets [ 16 ]. Taraxasterol regulated the immunity of H22 bearing mice by elevating the ratio of CD4 + T cells in the spleen, and increasing the number of T cell infiltration in tumor tissue [ 27 ]. But due to the lack of easily detectable light-emitting groups, further research on polysaccharides has always been hindered.…”

Functional immune boosters; the herb or its dead microbiome? Antigenic TLR4 agonist MAMPs found in 65 medicinal roots and algae’s

“…The study of plant lignans and phytochemicals, which are thought to be the cause of these effects, has dominated research on the therapeutic benefits of roots up until this point. While effects of these products on “ immune boosting’ have been reported extensively (e.g Burdock root ( Chan et al, 2011 ; He et al, 2018 ; Suzuki et al, 2002 ; Wang and Yang, 1993 ), Essiac (1998) Kava Kava Root ( Minh et al, 2022 ; Pont-Fernandez et al, 2022 ), Butchers broom ( Masullo et al, 2016 ; Rodrigues et al, 2021 ) Dandelion Root ( Ren et al, 2022 ; Talapphet et al, 2021 ) and Pleurisy Root ( Warashina and Noro, 2010 ), the plants microbiome has not been investigated in the way that would be most appropriate. Further study into relevance of the microbiome of plant will likely unveil it to be a most significant influencer of immune system response.…”

Function of the Long Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Classification, Molecular Mechanisms, and Significant Therapeutic Potentials

“…Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg, a perennial member of the Compositae family, has antitumor properties in HCC cells and has long been conventionally used as Chinese herbal medicine for liver, breast and gallbladder, hepatitis, as well as digestive, diseases [ 323 ]. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, the medication for HCC first-line therapies are bevacizumab in combination with atezolizumab, Sorafenib, and Lenvatinib; the second-line therapies include cabozantinib, pembrolizumab, ramucirumab, and regorafenib, in addition to other agents, such as bevacizumab, nivolumab, and nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab [ 324 ].…”