Tardive Dyskinesia

Spastic dysphonia and denervation signs in a young man with tardive dyskinesia

“…The TD syndrome is characterised by involuntary move ments that most commonly involve the oral-facial lingual regions, butwhichcanoccurinany body region (Burke, 1984).These movements are character istically choreoathetoid in nature but can manifest themselves inotherformsincluding dystonia, tics and akathisia (Burke, 1984). Although infrequent, there have been prior reports describing the involve ment of the anatomical structures of respiration (Weiner et al, 1978), deglutition (Moss and Green, 1982) and speech (Maxwell et al, 1970;Nurnberg & Greenwald, 1981;Bond et al, 1982;Ravi et al, 1982;Nevludetal,1983;Gerratt etal,1984). Most cases of TD aremild and non-progressive in nature, although in some patients the symptoms can be severe, persistent and potentially irreversible (Kane et al, 1986).…”

“…Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic (being used on an investigational basis) that does not produce extrapyramidal effects such Previous reports of ID involvement of motor speech production have predominantly described disturbances in articulation, e.g. hyperkinetic dysarthria and stuttering (Maxwell et a!, 1970;Nurnberg & Greenwald, 1981;Bond eta!, 1982;Raw et a!, 1982;Nevlud eta!, 1983;Gerratt et a!, 1984), and respiration (Weiner et a!, 1978). The speech problem in the case described appeared to be purely a disturbance in phonation, indicating the involve ment of the laryngeal musculature.…”