Target and non‐target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens

Abstract

BackgroundFungicides are indispensable for high‐quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site‐specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non‐target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels.ResultsThis review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti‐resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non‐target sites of quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoIs), methyl‐benzimidazole fungicides (MBCs), demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations.ConclusionThe current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti‐resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into the resistance regulation mechanism and inhibitory effect of fungicide phenamacril inFusarium asiaticum

“…In summary, fungicide resistance occur in fungi and the resistance are associated not only with target sites but also with non-target site mechanisms [77,78]. Even though we know the point mutations in the gene encoding FaMyo5 confer a high level of resistance, the resistance regulation mechanisms are complicate due to the presence of metabolic resistance.…”

Environmental Evaluation on Toxicity, Toxic Mechanism, and Hydrolysis Behavior of Potential Acethydrazide Fungicide Candidates

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