Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Québec, Canada

Munoz, Gabriel; Liu, Min; Duy, Sung Vo; Liu, Jinxia; Sauvé, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.119750

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Conversely, the U.S. approach would miss areas impacted by fluorotelomers from more recent aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations and other PFAS . When using a recently published data set of 463 samples from the province of Quebec in Canada, we find that if the Canadian summation guidance value was around 15 ng/L, it would match relatively well with the U.S. EPA enforceable maximum contaminant level of 4 ng/L for PFOA/PFOS. Health Canada’s proposed summation method is easier to explain than the U.S. EPA’s (PFOA/PFOS + hazard quotient for four other PFAS) and is protective against a large range of PFAS.…”

Section: Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The revised levels underscore the need for improved analytical tools, as the required reporting limits for PFOA and PFOS are 4 ng/L, or guidance values based on the summation of many PFAS required good data for a large suite of individual PFAS. However, many analytical laboratories cannot currently measure such low levels of PFAS, which can only be achieved using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry research instrumentation and methods. , …”

Section: Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the most recent Canadian data set, the vast majority of water distribution systems could easily meet Health Canada’s draft objective for drinking water, which stipulates the total PFAS concentration should be below 30 ng/L . The study by Munoz et al has shown that tap water from 376 different municipalities in Quebec, Canada, had an average of 4.8 ng/L for the sum of 74 PFAS, while only 5 out of 376 municipal sources exceeded the recommended concentration of 30 ng/L (about 2% of samples within this data set) . The summation of PFAS in this data set ranged from below the detection limit to 108 ng/L, and the 95th percentile was 13 ng/L.…”

Section: At What Level Should We Set the Threshold?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many analytical laboratories cannot currently measure such low levels of PFAS, which can only be achieved using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry research instrumentation and methods. 10,13 The health advisory values proposed by the U.S. EPA reflect the studies that show a disruption of the immune system for children (measured by a decreased response to vaccination for children 3 ) as well as disruption of lipid metabolism (affecting cholesterol levels in blood 15 ). A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature on PFAS and vaccine response concluded that the five principal PFAS are associated with reduced antibody levels for different antigens.…”

Section: ■ Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Should We Interpret the New Water Quality Regulations for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances?

Sauvé,

Barbeau,

Bouchard

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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Water quality regulations for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are currently in turmoil given the toxicological evidence of human health effects at background levels of exposure. Many countries are currently considering regulating the usage of PFAS as a group while also lowering the water quality standards for drinking water. It is somewhat disconcerting that different countries have different approaches to regulate PFAS in drinking water, focusing either on specific PFAS targets (such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)) or on larger groups of PFAS ranging from 12 to roughly 30 target PFAS compounds. Considering that there are between 5000 and over 10 000 estimated potential PFAS compounds and that they may transform into one another in the environment, this poses significant regulatory challenges and may cause incoherent regulations across various jurisdictions. Regulatory policies for drinking water have evolved much more rapidly than other pathways of exposure, i.e., food, soil, dust, and atmospheric exposure. We must ensure that proposed regulations are coherent to minimize exposure and risks and that remediation approaches are balanced to reduce overall exposure across the various sources of exposure.

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Section: Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: At What Level Should We Set the Threshold?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Pfas In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How Should We Interpret the New Water Quality Regulations for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances?

Sauvé,

Barbeau,

Bouchard

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Water contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impacts many countries and leads to regulatory actions to reduce human exposure to these toxic chemicals ( Backe et al., 2013 ; Houtz et al., 2013 ; Moody et al., 2003 ; Munoz et al., 2018 ; Munoz et al., 2023) . PFAS are used to make water and oil repellent coatings, specialty polymers, pesticides, and aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for controlling class B fires ( Buck et al., 2011 ; Kissa, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular framework for designing Fluoroclay with enhanced affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Yan

Liu

2023

Water Research X

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N‐glucuronidation and Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamides in Mice Following Ingestion of Aqueous Film‐Forming Foam

Dukes,

McDonough

2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs) and other FASA‐based per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can transform into recalcitrant perfluoroalkyl sulfonates in vivo. We conducted high‐resolution mass spectrometry suspect screening of urine and tissues (kidney and liver) from mice dosed with an electrochemically fluorinated aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) to better understand the biological fate of AFFF‐associated precursors. The B6C3F1 mice were dosed at five levels (0, 0.05, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg kg−1 day−1) based on perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate content of the AFFF mixture. Dosing continued for 10 days followed by a 6‐day depuration. Total oxidizable precursor assay of the AFFF suggested significant contributions from precursors with three to six perfluorinated carbons. We identified C4 to C6 FASAs and N‐glucuronidated FASAs (FASA‐N‐glus) excreted in urine collected throughout dosing and depuration. Based on normalized relative abundance, FASA‐N‐glus accounted for up to 33% of the total excreted FASAs in mouse urine, highlighting the importance of phase II metabolic conjugation as a route of excretion. High‐resolution mass spectrometry screening of liver and kidney tissue revealed accumulation of longer‐chain (C7 and C8) FASAs not detected in urine. Chain‐length–dependent conjugation of FASAs was also observed by incubating FASAs with mouse liver S9 fractions. Shorter‐chain (C4) FASAs conjugated to a much greater extent over a 120‐min incubation than longer‐chain (C8) FASAs. Overall, this study highlights the significance of N‐glucuronidation as an excretion mechanism for short‐chain FASAs and suggests that monitoring urine for FASA‐N‐glus could contribute to a better understanding of PFAS exposure, as FASAs and their conjugates are often overlooked by traditional biomonitoring studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–11. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Québec, Canada

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

How Should We Interpret the New Water Quality Regulations for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances?

How Should We Interpret the New Water Quality Regulations for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances?

Molecular framework for designing Fluoroclay with enhanced affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

N‐glucuronidation and Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamides in Mice Following Ingestion of Aqueous Film‐Forming Foam

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