Targeted ablation of TRAF6 inhibits skeletal muscle wasting in mice

DNA Methyltransferase 3a and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Regulate the Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) during Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

“…Sciatic denervation was performed following a protocol as described (8,18). Briefly, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of Avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol); then we shaved the right hind quarters, made a 0.5-cm incision ϳ0.5 cm proximal to the knee on the lateral side of the right leg, separated the muscles at the fascia, lifted out the sciatic nerve with a surgical hook or forceps, removed a 2-3-mm piece of sciatic nerve, and finally closed the incision with surgical sutures.…”

“…Fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of EGFP-positive fibers in TA muscle sections was measured using Nikon NIS elements BR 3.00 software (Nikon). For each muscle, the distribution of fiber CSA was calculated by analyzing all EGFP-positive fibers as described (18).…”

“…Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay-Skeletal muscle of mice were isolated and analyzed by EMSA as previously described (18). In brief, 25 g of nuclear extracts prepared from control or 3-day denervated muscle was incubated with 16 fmol of 32 P end-labeled consensus oligonucleotides from mouse Fn14 promoter at 37°C for 30 min, and the DNA-protein complex was resolved on a 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel.…”

“…Western Blot-Quantitative estimation of specific protein was performed following a method as described (8,18). In brief, protein extracts were prepared from cultured cells or skeletal muscle of mice in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaF, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 0.3% Igepal, and protease inhibitors).…”

Loss of muscle mass: Current developments in cachexia and sarcopenia focused on biomarkers and treatment

“…29 In addition 2010, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptorassociated factor has been found to play a critic al role in atrophy as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. 30 Cancer cachexia animal models are showing significant wasting of the myocardium. [31][32][33] In one study it was shown that the heart muscle weight is decreased by 20% on average.…”