Targeted Advertising, Promotion, and Price For Menthol Cigarettes in California High School Neighborhoods

Henriksen, Lisa; Schleicher, Nina C.; Dauphinee, Amanda L; Fortmann, Stephen P.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr122

Cited by 97 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Within this context, it is important to acknowledge that the tobacco industry targets marketing of menthol tobacco products towards African American communities, including the availability of cheaper menthol cigarettes. 41,42 While more local sales restrictions are beginning to occur (eg, Tobacco 21 efforts), additional policies restricting price discounting as well as the regulation of access to and the time, place, and/or manner of menthol tobacco advertising could also improve cessation rates. Nevertheless, further evaluation is needed to determine the viability of these policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Keeler

Max

Yerger

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Few studies have examined the relationship between menthol use and smoking cessation across various racial/ethnic groups; the findings were mixed. This study explored the association of menthol cigarette use with quit attempts, smoking cessation, and intention-to-quit among US adults and by race/ethnicity. Methods: Using the 2006Using the /2007Using the and 2010Using the /2011 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey data, this study analyzed 54 448 recent active smokers, defined as current smokers or former smokers who quit less than 12 months ago. Three behaviors were examined: any quit attempts in the past 12 months, successful cessation for ≥3 months, and intention-to-quit smoking in the next 6 months. For each cessation behavior, multiple logistic regression models were estimated separately for the full-sample and stratified racial/ethnic subsamples. Results: While 72.3% of African American recent active smokers typically smoked menthol cigarettes, this proportion was 21.7%, 21.5%, and 28.0% for whites, Asians, and Hispanics, respectively. African American menthol smokers had higher odds of quit attempts compared to non-African American, non-menthol smokers (full-sample analysis), as well as African American non-menthol smokers (subsample analysis). Menthol use was not significantly associated with quit attempts in other racial/ethnic subsamples. There was no significant difference in either successful cessation or intention-to-quit between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Conclusions: African American menthol smokers were more likely to attempt to quit smoking than non-menthol smokers but these quit attempts did not translate into successful cessation. This study revealed no association of menthol use with quit attempts, successful cessation, and intention-to-quit among other racial/ethnic groups. Implications: The findings suggested that African American menthol smokers were more motivated to quit smoking; yet, the results also indicated no significant differences in successful cessation between African American menthol and non-menthol smokers. Interventions targeting menthol smokers within the African American community may help bridge this gap. While more

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Keeler

Max

Yerger

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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“…Previous research on differences in advertised prices by neighborhood composition have produced conflicting results. 19,20,38 For example, in a study of Minnesota stores and advertised prices, higher percentages of non-white populations were associated with significantly higher prices for discount and premium cigarettes, but not for menthol cigarettes. 38 Yet in a national study of stores, mentholated Newport cigarettes, as well as Marlboro and the cheapest brand in the store, were less expensive in neighborhoods with higher proportions of blacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14,[16][17][18] On the other hand, studies of the advertised prices of cigarettes show that they are cheaper in neighborhoods with more African Americans and low income residents. [19][20][21] As a result, they have access to cheaper cigarettes and may pay less than other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Differences in What Smokers Report Paying for Their Cigarettes

Golden

Kong

Ribisl

2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Smoking rates and tobacco-related health problems vary by race and ethnicity. We explore whether cigarette prices, a determinant of tobacco use, differ across racial and ethnic groups, and whether consumer behaviors influence these differences. Methods: We used national Tobacco Use Supplement data from 23 299 adult smokers in the United States to calculate average reported cigarette pack prices for six racial and ethnic groups. Using multivariate regression models, we analyzed the independent effect of race and ethnicity on price, and whether these effects changed once indicators of carton purchasing, menthol use, Indian reservation purchase, and state market prices were incorporated. Results: American Indians and whites pay similar amounts and report the lowest prices. Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians reported paying $0.42, $0.68, and $0.89 more for a pack of cigarettes than whites. After accounting for differences in consumer behaviors, these gaps shrunk to $0.27, $0.29, and $0.27, respectively, while American Indians paid $0.38 more than whites. Pack buying was associated with $0.99 higher per-pack prices than carton buying, which was most common among whites. Additionally, people who purchased off an Indian reservation reporting paying $1.54 more than those who purchased on reservation. Conclusions: Average reported cigarette prices vary by race and ethnicity, in part due to differences in product use and purchase location. Tobacco price policies, especially those that target low prices for multipack products or on Indian reservations may increase the prices paid by whites and American Indians, who smoke at the highest rates and pay the least per pack. Implications: This study examines differences in reported prices paid by different racial and ethnic groups, using recent, national data from the United States. Results indicating that racial and ethnic groups that smoke at the highest rates (American Indians and whites) also pay the least are consistent with evidence that price is a key factor in cigarette use. Additional analysis finds that cigarette purchasing behaviors, especially carton buying and purchasing on Indian reservations, partially account for the documented price differences, and suggest that policies focused on bulk purchases (carton, multipack) and reservation prices have strong tobacco control potential.

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“…YouTube is ranked as the world's third largest Internet site (Alexa, 2015). Many of YouTube's users are young, with half of all users under age 24; a reported 15% of YouTube users are 17 years or younger and 41% between 18 and 24 years old (Google Support, 2015) -a demographic often targeted by tobacco companies (e.g., Henriksen et al, 2012;Pierce et al, 2010) and a group that often experiments with cigarettes and e-cigarettes (CDC, 2015).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up in Vapor: Exploring the Health Messages of E-Cigarette Advertisements

Willis

Haught

Morris³

2016

Health Communication

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Targeted Advertising, Promotion, and Price For Menthol Cigarettes in California High School Neighborhoods

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Racial and Ethnic Differences in What Smokers Report Paying for Their Cigarettes

Up in Vapor: Exploring the Health Messages of E-Cigarette Advertisements

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