Targeted Anti-Biofilm Therapy: Dissecting Targets in the Biofilm Life Cycle

Abstract

Biofilm is a crucial virulence factor for microorganisms that causes chronic infection. After biofilm formation, the bacteria present improve drug tolerance and multifactorial defense mechanisms, which impose significant challenges for the use of antimicrobials. This indicates the urgent need for new targeted technologies and emerging therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the current biofilm-targeting strategies and those under development, including targeting persistent cells, quorum quenching, and phage therapy. We emphasize biofilm-targeting technologies that are supported by blocking the biofilm life cycle, providing a theoretical basis for design of targeting technology that disrupts the biofilm and promotes practical application of antibacterial materials.

Nanosystems as Quorum Quenchers Targeting Foodborne Pathogens: Understanding the Inhibition Mechanisms and Their Docking Predictions

“…Different structures and proteins are related to biofilm formation and stabilization, whether Gram-positive or -negative bacterium is involved. These include lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides, QS, teichoic acids, and others [9,10].…”

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Mixed Polymeric Micelles as Antibiofilm Agents

“…The intrinsic tolerance of biofilms to drugs or conventional disinfectants requires the development of novel approaches to biofilm eradication. One prospective direction is the application of nanomaterials as both biofilm-destruction agents and drug carriers [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”