Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel non-invasive biomedical
imaging modality that uses safe magnetite nanoparticles as tracers. Controlled
synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with tuned size-dependent magnetic
relaxation properties is critical for the development of MPI. Additional
functionalization of these NPs for other imaging modalities
(e.g. MRI and fluorescent imaging) would accelerate
screening of the MPI tracers based on their in vitro and
in vivo performance in pre-clinical trials. Here, we
conjugated two different types of poly-ethylene-glycols
(NH2-PEG-NH2 and NH2-PEG FMOC) to
monodisperse carboxylated 19.7nm NPs by amide bonding. Further, we labeled these
NPs with Cy5.5 near infra-red fluorescent (NIRF) molecules. Bi-functional PEG
(NH2-PEG-NH2) resulted in larger hydrodynamic size
(~98nm vs. ~43nm) of the tracers, due to interparticle
crosslinking. Formation of such clusters impacted the multimodal imaging
performance and pharmacokinetics of these tracers. We found that MPI signal
intensity of the tracers in blood depends on their plasmatic clearance
pharmacokinetics. Whole body mice MPI/MRI/NIRF, used to study the
biodistribution of the injected NPs, showed primary distribution in liver and
spleen. Biodistribution of tracers and their clearance pathway was further
confirmed by MPI and NIRF signals from the excised organs where the Cy5.5
labeling enabled detailed anatomical mapping of the tracers.in tissue sections.
These multimodal MPI tracers, combining the strengths of each imaging modality
(e.g. resolution, tracer sensitivity and clinical use
feasibility) pave the way for various in vitro and in
vivo MPI applications.