Targeted Computed Tomography Visualization and Healing of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Orally Delivered Bacterial-Flagella-Inspired Polydiiododiacetylene Nanofibers

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential in preventing the progression of the disease, although it still represents an insurmountable challenge. Here we report the design of bacterial-flagella-inspired polydiiododiacetylene (PIDA) nanofibers and its performance in targeted computed tomography (CT) imaging and on-demand therapeutic intervention of IBD. With a morphology mimicking bacterial flagella, PIDA nanofibers attach on the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration, evenly distributing on the GI surface to portray the GI lining under CT scan within 2 h. PIDA can retain for a longer time in the damaged mucosa at the inflamed lesions than in normal GI tissues to enable the targeted CT visualization of IBD. PIDA also scavenges reactive oxygen species and ameliorates gut dysbiosis attributed to its iodine-substituted polydiacetylene structure, so that the enriched PIDA nanofibers at the targeted IBD lesions can alleviate the inflammation while maintaining the gut microbiota homeostasis, thus promoting the rebalance of GI microenvironment and the mucosal healing.

Carbon–Iodine Polydiacetylene Nanofibers for Image-Guided Radiotherapy and Tumor-Microenvironment-Enhanced Radiosensitization

“…CT Scan Experiment. According to the previous reports, 36 CT scans were conducted with a multidetector dual-source CT scanner (SOMATOM Force, Version VA50A, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The rats and mice were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (3% [w/v] at 0.2 mL/100 g) prior to CT scanning.…”

“…34 Our recent studies have revealed that a carbon−iodine polymer with a high iodine content (84 wt %), known as polydiiododiacetylene (PIDA), has demonstrated excellent capabilities in computed tomography (CT) imaging and has shown good biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for CT-guided precise radiation dose calculation and accurate positioning of tumors during radiotherapy. 35,36 Furthermore, the tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive degradation of PIDA can release free iodine in a controlled manner, making it suitable for tumor-specific iodine-based radiosensitizers (RS). In this work, we prepared amphiphilic-polymer-coated PIDA nanofibers with removable host template-assisted polymerization and dispersion.…”

Research advancements and perspectives of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review

“…165,166 Bacterial-flagella-inspired polydiiododiacetylene nanofibers retain for a longer time in the damaged mucosa and scavenge ROS, which not only enables the targeted CT visualization of IBD, but also alleviates the inflammation. 167 An oral polyphenol-armored nanomedicine with high ROS-scavenging ability, can resist the extreme environment of the stomach and modulate gut microbial homeostasis in IBD mice. 168 Aurozyme, comprised of gold NPs and glycyrrhizin, effectively scavenges ROS/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), attenuates the M1 polarization of macrophage, and increases the abundance and diversity of beneficial probiotics.…”

Non-invasive diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial inflammations using a dual-enzyme-responsive fluorescent indicator

“…Bacterial inflammation often necessitates the administration of antibiotics, whereas non-bacterial inflammation may require alternative interventions such as antifungal or antiviral medications. 18 Secondly, refined clinical diagnoses are essential to reduce antibiotic misuse by accurately distinguishing between bacterial and non-bacterial inflammation, thereby preventing unnecessary antibiotic use and lowering the risk of antibiotic resistance. The third benefit lies in its contribution to disease control.…”