Lung adenocarcinoma is regarded as
the most common form of lung
cancer, per the latest epidemiological data. The combined efforts
from chemotherapy and radiotherapy have done little to increase survival
rates. Thus, repurposing licensed drugs has become a feasible approach
to filling such gaps. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride, a common antihistamine,
has been loaded into copper nanoclusters. The subsequent levocetirizine
loaded copper nanoclusters were loaded into mannose functionalized
chitosan nanoparticles. This therapeutic module has been established
to target lung adenocarcinoma cells in both the monolayer and tumor
spheroids. The nanocomposite was found to be inherently fluorescent,
biocompatible, and water-soluble. The drug release profile was found
to be pH-dependent, with maximum release in the acidic medium. Experimental
results concluded efficient cellular localization followed by significant
antiproliferative activity. Subsequent functional assays revealed
suggestive reactive oxygen species generation, membrane potential
depolarization, and reduced lipid droplets leading up to apoptosis.
A remarkable reduction in colony formation and migration capacity
was also observed. They also inhibited the spheroids of both A549
and HeLa cells. Briefly, the as-synthesized nanocomposites showed
a promising scope as an anticancer treatment approach.