Targeted error indicators for use in finite-element p-adaption

Accuracy control in the optimization of microwave devices by finite-element methods

“…"ideal" error indicator of this type would be obtained by increasing the order of an element, re-solving the entire FE problem to obtain U,nO' and using the difference in global quantities before and after the increase as the indicator of error in that element [78]. While requiring an entire FE solution for each element may be computationally unfeasable, there are indicators that emulate this ideal case successfully [78].…”

P-Adaptive Computation of the Scattering Parameters of 3-D Microwave Devices

“…What we would really like to know is what the change in would be from increasing the order of the element, i.e., adding basis functions of the next highest order, not subtracting those of the highest order [7]. In [3], such an approach was called Scheme 2 and was shown to outperform Scheme 1. In this paper, Scheme 2 is applied to the computation of scattering parameters in three dimensions.…”

“…Targeted (or goal-oriented) error indicators of this type have been applied to two-dimensional (2-D) low-frequency electromagnetics problems [3], where they were shown to be superior to general indicators. More recently, a targeted indicator for scattering parameters was developed by Sun et al [4] and used to guide -adaption in three dimensions.…”