Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most prevalent form of congenital hemolytic anemia, being caused by genetic mutations in genes encoding red blood cell cytoskeletal proteins. Mutations in the
ANK1
and
SPTB
genes are the most common causes of HS.; however, pathogenicity analyses of these mutations remain limited. This study identified three novel heterozygous mutations in 3 HS patients: c.1994 C > A in
ANK1
, c.5692 C > T, and c.3823delG in
SPTB
by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and validated by Sanger sequencing. To investigate the functional consequences of these mutations, we studied their pathogenicity using in vitro culture erythroblast derived from CD34 + stem cells. All three mutations lead to the generation of a premature stop codon. Real-time PCR assay revealed that the two
SPTB
mutations resulted in reduced
SPTB
mRNA expression, suggesting a potential role for the nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation pathway. For the
ANK1
mutation, gene expression was not reduced but was predicted to produce a truncated version of the ANK1 protein. Flow cytometry analysis of red blood cell-derived microparticles (MPs) revealed that HS patients had higher MP levels compared to normal subjects. This study contributes to the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in the
ANK1
and
SPTB
genes in HS.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-78622-w.