Targeted Release of Probiotics from Enteric Microparticulated Formulations

Abstract

The development of advanced probiotic delivery systems, which preserve bacteria from degradation of the gastrointestinal tract and achieve a targeted release mediated by pH-independent swelling, is of great interest to improve the efficient delivery of probiotic bacteria to the target tissue. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria models (Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro) Hansen and Mocquot (ATCC® 4356™) and Escherichia coli S17, respectively) have been successfully encapsulated for the first time in pH-independent microparticulate polymethacrylates (i.e., Eudraguard biotic) used for the targeted delivery of nutraceuticals to the colon. These bacteria have also been encapsulated within the mucoadhesive polymethacrylate Eudragit RS 100 widely used as targeted release formulation for active pharmaceutical ingredients. The enteric microparticles remained unaltered under simulated gastric conditions and released the contained viable microbial cargo under simulated intestinal conditions. Buoyancies of 90.2% and 57.3% for Eudragit and Eudraguard microparticles, respectively, and long-term stability (5 months) for the encapsulated microorganisms were found. Cytotoxicity of the microparticles formulated with both polymers was evaluated (0.5–20 mg/mL) on Caco-2 cells, showing high cytocompatibility. These results underline the suitability of the synthesized materials for the successful delivery of probiotic formulations to the target organ, highlighting for the first time the potential use of Eudraguard biotic as an effective enteric coating for the targeted delivery of probiotics.

Developing a new class of engineered live bacterial therapeutics to treat human diseases

“…This requires that the live organism can endure processes that convert a liquid culture to a solid form, such as lyophilization or spray drying, to retain viability and potency. Technological advances including microencapsulation and cryoprotectants could improve the stability of future LBP formulations 90,91 , and buffering may be considered to preserve cell activity and viability in the stomach. LBP formulations must also be palatable to patients to ensure compliance with dosing 89 .…”

On‐Demand Bacterial Reactivation by Restraining within a Triggerable Nanocoating

“…Numerous nanoparticles and functional molecules have been attached to fabricate multimodal bacterial based bioagents for treatment. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Recently, we have coated bacteria with biological membranes to protect them from environmental attacks. [31,32] For example, a probiotic bacterium coated with erythrocyte membranes exhibits decreased elimination by macrophages.…”

Co-Encapsulated Synbiotics and Immobilized Probiotics in Human Health and Gut Microbiota Modulation

“…Microcapsules also protect the cargo during the stabilization process and storage at a wide range of temperatures and can extend shelflife considerably. In addition, microencapsulation of bioactive substances is designed to improve their low bioavailability in the host, mask their unpleasant flavor, expand the application range, and increase overall acceptability [106][107][108][109]. The biopolymer used for encapsulation should be permeable to nutrients and metabolites in order to maintain cell viability of the cargo.…”