Targeted-Tracking With Pointing Devices

Abstract

Targeting and tracking in graphical user interfaces have been widely studied, but attempts to model targeted-tracking are few. Targeted-tracking is essentially a two component task of tracking followed by targeting, where either or both components may dominate depending on the levels of difficulty in each component. The applicability of an empirical model based on computer mouse use is unknown with respect to other devices. In order to confirm the model validity for other input devices, experiments were carried out using a mouse, a pen mouse, a touch screen, and a graphics tablet. Fourteen participants were tested on 48 experimental conditions that included four difficulty levels and 12 conditions with varying track width (P), track length (D), and target width (W). Movement time, error rate, index of performance, and throughput were compared. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that factors in the targeted-tracking model were significant (p < 0.05) and movement time data were a good fit (R 2 > 0.8) to the model, confirming the generality of the model. A principal component analysis showed that a mouse is relatively superior in terms of both movement time and error rate. Thus, the targetedtracking model is an effective way to compare and evaluate input devices.

A switched dynamic model for pointing tasks with a computer mouse

“…To construct the function f bal (P m , V m ) we want to inverse (17) on the interval [a l , a r ], where a l := min(a 1 , a 2 ) < 0 and a r := max(a 1 , a 2 ) > 0. Equality (17) defines the implicit function…”

“…In recent years, most progress in pointing model design are concentrated in extending these two models. For instance, the distribution of M T for computer mouse movements is studied in [16], targeted-tracking tasks are considered in [17], and a model for analyzing rapid point-and-click motions taking into consideration human effects has been proposed recently in [18].…”

“…It can be verified that any choice of 0 < k bal <k yields s l < a l < 0 < a r < s r , i.e. on the interval [a l , a r ] ⊂ [s l , s r ], ∂h(A bal ,η)∂A bal > 0 and(17) is invertible.…”

Analysis of Factors Affecting Multimedia Delivery for Elderly People

“…Last, the GyroPoint; a user could control a pointer by a wrist movement. The results of the pointing devices depended on the tasks of different performances referred to the Fitts' Law [27] specified in ISO 9241-9 measurement. For a steering tunnel task on a curved trail, the Hall mouse and OFN showed a higher accuracy than the GyroPoint; therefore, we chose remote pointing devices working similar to the Hall mouse and OFN to implement the Argong system.…”

Pointing Device Performance in Steering Tasks

“…In these cases, a tracking model is more appropriate. Even though a model for tasks that have targeting and tracking exists (Senanayake, Hoffmann, & Goonetilleke, 2013; Senanayake, Goonetilleke, & Hoffmann, 2015), it has not been used to compare different devices or to assess traversing performance. This study investigated the performance of today’s interfaces in steering types of tasks.…”