Targeting antibiotic pollution: an investigation of azithromycin in wastewater by electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is commonly prescribed to treat infections of the skin, soft tissues, and the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Many antibiotics, including azithromycin, are overprescribed, leading to elevated concentrations of these drugs in bodies of water; this phenomenon is referred to as antibiotic pollution. Antibiotic pollution is increasingly concerning, due to its implications for the development of antibiotic resistance and its potential ecotoxicity. Rapid detection of azithromycin in wastewater could be important for addressing antibiotic pollution. This research highlights the development of a direct electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method for the detection of azithromycin in synthetic wastewater. The coupling of electrochemistry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy allowed enhanced detection of azithromycin and its derivatives in wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of direct detection of azithromycin using electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This novel detection method has promising applications in future research concerning antibiotic pollution.