Targeting CD82/KAI1 for Precision Therapeutics in Surmounting Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. There is an unmet need to develop therapies that can impede metastatic spread. Precision oncology has shown great promise for the treatment of cancers, as the therapeutic approach is tailored to a specific group of patients who are likely to benefit from the treatment, rather than the traditional approach of “one size fits all”. CD82, also known as KAI1, a glycoprotein belonging to the tetraspanin family and an established metastasis suppressor, could potentially be exploited to hinder metastases in breast cancer. This review explores the prospect of targeting CD82 as an innovative therapeutic approach in precision medicine for breast cancer patients, with the goal of preventing cancer progression and metastasis. Such an approach would entail the selection of a subset of breast cancer patients with low levels of CD82, and instituting an appropriate treatment scheme tailored towards restoring the levels of CD82 in this group of patients. Proposed precision treatment regimens include current modalities of treating breast cancer, in combination with either clinically approved drugs that could restore the levels of CD82, CD82 peptide mimics or non-coding RNA-based therapeutics.

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“…Our transcriptomic data align with existing studies that have identified genes like NPTX1, TRIM31, and CD82/KAI1 as potential therapeutic targets in various cancers [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. NPTX1 has been implicated in inhibiting tumor growth across multiple types of cancer, acting through distinct signaling pathways.…”

Molecular interaction of metastasis suppressor genes and tumor microenvironment in breast cancer

“…The classification of the BC subtypes, specifically HR + /HER2 + , HER2 + , and HR + /HER2 – , determines the majority of treatment plans. Local treatments for Nm BCs include surgery (which may need axillary lymph node removal) and radiotherapy [ 156 ]. Different directed gene therapy strategies have been created employing tumor-specific promoters to treat BC [ 157 ].…”

“…Additionally, it is true that customized care and precision medicine, which are directed at specific patients and patient subgroups, are gaining popularity in oncology, where the focus is on delaying the onset of the disease and the treatment plan is devised to maximize effectiveness while minimizing side effects [ 160 ]. lncRNA-based therapy and miR therapeutics are the other treatments for BC based on epigenetic drugs by which metastasis suppressor genes are epigenetically inactivated [ 156 ]. Further studies about the TME and the metastasis suppressor genes need to be done to recognize their exact role in tumors.…”

“…Lack of tumor selectivity is one of the problems with current cancer treatments. Therefore, one of the main goals of cancer gene therapy is to specifically target tumor cell gene expression [155]. The classification of the BC subtypes, specifically HR + /HER2 + , HER2 + , and HR + /HER2 -, determines the majority of treatment plans.…”

Tspan protein family: focusing on the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer

“…Tspan27, in particular, has been identified as a metastasis suppressor that could be employed to halt breast cancer metastasis. However, this strategy is only applicable to breast cancer patients with low levels of Tspan27 [ 120 ]. The Tspan protein family, as a specific surface molecule present on exosomes, can selectively bind to specific cells, enabling exosomes to exhibit natural cell targeting abilities.…”