Targeting children through school-based education and policy strategies: Comprehensive cancer control activities in melanoma prevention

Townsend, Julie S.; Pinkerton, Beth; McKenna, Sharon; Higgins, Sue; Tai, Eric; Steele, C. Brooke; Derrick, Susan R.; Brown, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.036

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Interventional studies for small children have therefore been focussing on the education of parents (38,39). Interventions delivered to adult individuals or communities may increase sun-protection and cancer awareness (40, 41).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Three-year Longitudinal Study of Melanocytic Naevus Development in Pre-school Children in Dresden, Saxony

Wollina¹,

Helm²,

Bennewitz³

et al. 2014

Acta Derm Venerol

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Acquired melanocytic naevi (MN) are considered a risk factor for melanoma. Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) is the major environmental factor for MN. UV protection is most critical in pre-school children. This 3-year interventional longitudinal study examined 395 3-year-old children attending daycare centres (DCC) in Dresden, Germany. Photo-skin type, eye and hair colour were recorded. DCC were randomly assigned to a control group and a behavioural intervention group. All children had a regular naevus check-up, including digital objective analysis with Dell'Eva-Burroni Dermoscopy Melanoma Image Processing Software (DB-MIPS) technology. Parents of children in the intervention group received additional guidance for sun-protection. The mean total MN counts of both groups at the start of the study period were 7.19 ± 4.55 (intervention) and 6.84 ± 4.63 (control), respectively. There was a significant increase in MN counts for both groups (mean 12.5 and 13.8). Subgroup analysis for skin type, eye colour, and hair colour did not demonstrate a significant influence on MN counts. The DB-MIPS integrated classifier revealed no risky lesions while analysing their patterns. Intervention did not reduce the number of newly acquired MN. MN counts in pre-school children were approximately 5 times higher than expected from previous large studies in Germany. This is the first study in pre-school children using objective digital image analysis of pigmented lesions. No atypical lesions were observed. New approaches to UV protection in pre-school children are now required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Three-year Longitudinal Study of Melanocytic Naevus Development in Pre-school Children in Dresden, Saxony

Wollina¹,

Helm²,

Bennewitz³

et al. 2014

Acta Derm Venerol

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“…While the style of delivery may vary by presenter, each presentation included the same core set of cancer messages. The significance of who delivers an intervention and the importance of champions has also been recognised in other school-based health promotion programmes [16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased cancer awareness among British adolescents after a school-based educational intervention: a controlled before-and-after study with 6-month follow-up

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThere is a lack of evidence around the effectiveness of school-based interventions designed to raise adolescents’ cancer awareness. To address this deficit this study assessed the impact of an intervention delivered in the United Kingdom by Teenage Cancer Trust on: recall (open question) and recognition (closed question) of cancer warning signs; knowledge of common childhood, teenage, male and female cancers; awareness of the relationship between cancer and age; anticipated medical help-seeking delay; perceived barriers to seeking medical advice about cancer; and examined variation of intervention effect by gender and whether adolescents reported that they knew someone with cancer.MethodsThe Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) was completed by 422 adolescents (male: 221, 52.4%) aged 11-17 years old (mean age=13.8, standard deviation=1.26) two weeks before and two weeks after the intervention in three schools, and on two occasions four weeks apart in a fourth (control) school. Intervention schools were followed-up 6-months post-intervention.ResultsRecognition of nine common cancer warning signs significantly increased two weeks after the intervention (4.6 to 6.8, p<0.001) and was maintained at 6-month follow-up (6.2, p<0.001). Endorsement of emotional barriers to help-seeking ‘not confident to talk about symptoms’ (53% to 45%, p=0.021) and ‘worried about what the doctor might find’ (70% to 63%, p=0.021) significantly decreased two weeks after the intervention but changes were not maintained at 6-months. The intervention had a greater impact on females and those who knew someone with cancer.ConclusionsThe intervention is an effective way to raise adolescents’ cancer awareness, especially of cancer symptoms. Further development and evaluation is required to maximise intervention impact, particularly on barriers to help-seeking behaviour.

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“…Most skin cancer prevention interventions to date have focused on the general population through mass media campaigns and school-based programs (12, 13), or have targeted individuals who work in outdoor settings as well as parents and other caregivers in recreational settings (12, 14). Interventions designed specifically for people at high risk for skin cancer may be both efficient and effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tailored Risk Communications for Skin Cancer Prevention and Detection: The PennSCAPE Randomized Trial

Glanz

Volpicelli

Jepson

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background Prevention and early detection measures for melanoma, such as sun avoidance and skin examinations, are important, but are practiced inconsistently. In this replication of the Project SCAPE trial, we sought to determine whether tailored print materials were more effective at improving adherence than generic print materials for patients at increased-risk of skin cancer. Methods Participants were randomized to receive personalized mailed communications about their skin cancer risk and recommended sun protection, or generic mailings. Participants were Caucasian adults, at moderate or high risk for skin cancer, recruited in outpatient primary care. The main outcomes were overall sun protection behaviors and specific protective behaviors including use of sunscreen, shirt, hat, sunglasses, shade and sun avoidance; recent sunburns; and skin self-examination and provider skin examination. Results One hundred ninety-two (93.2%) subjects completed the study. Six outcome variables showed significant intervention condition effects in mixed effects models: overall sun protection behavior (p = .025); sunscreen use (p = .026); use of sunglasses (p = .011); sunburns in the past three months (p = .033); recency of last skin self-exam (p = .017); and frequency of skin exams by health care provider (p = .016). Conclusions Relative to generic communications, tailored risk communications resulted in improved adherence to six skin cancer protective behaviors, including a composite sun protection behavior measure, sunburns, and health care provider skin examinations. Impact Tailored interventions can be more effective in improving patient prevention behaviors than non-tailored, generic information for patients at moderate to high risk of skin cancer.

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Targeting children through school-based education and policy strategies: Comprehensive cancer control activities in melanoma prevention

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Interventional Three-year Longitudinal Study of Melanocytic Naevus Development in Pre-school Children in Dresden, Saxony

Interventional Three-year Longitudinal Study of Melanocytic Naevus Development in Pre-school Children in Dresden, Saxony

Increased cancer awareness among British adolescents after a school-based educational intervention: a controlled before-and-after study with 6-month follow-up

Effects of Tailored Risk Communications for Skin Cancer Prevention and Detection: The PennSCAPE Randomized Trial

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