Targeting Escalation in Reported Domestic Abuse

Bland, Matthew; Ariel, Barak

doi:10.1177/1057567715574382

Cited by 102 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Their profile of 692 perpetrators reported to the police for domestic abuse found that 50% were involved in an additional incident during the three-year follow-up period, and 18% of those that reoffended did so against a subsequent new partner. This is remarkably similar to the figure of 17% in another English police force area (Bland & Ariel, 2015). American research, using perpetrator samples derived from criminal justice rather than police data, has resulted in slightly higher prevalence rates of serial domestic abuse, ranging from 28% of probationers within a one-year period (Klein, Wilson, Crowe, & DeMichele, 2005) to 43% of persons arrested for violating a civil restraining order over a six-year period (Bocko, Cicchetti, Lempicki, & Powell, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management

Robinson

2016

Victims & Offenders

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Analysis of information held by police, probation, and third-sector organizations in Wales about 100 domestic abuse perpetrators, along with 16 practitioner interviews, provides the empirical context for a discussion of the problem of "serial domestic abuse." Despite increased concern over the harm caused by serial abusers, different definitions and recording systems prevent a reliable estimation of the problem. This exploratory study suggests that the offending profiles of serial abusers are heterogeneous, and recommends that approaches aimed at reducing the harm caused by the "power few" domestic abusers incorporate information about serial alongside repeat and high-risk offending.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…One British study, relying upon police data, suggests that 80% of domestic abuse harm is attributable to less than 2% of victim-offender dyads (Bland & Ariel, 2015). As inferred by the current study, those that cause the most harm are likely to include some combination of serial, high-risk, and repeat domestic abusers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management

Robinson

2016

Victims & Offenders

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“…That view was recently contradicted by evidence from the predominantly White European population of Suffolk County, UK (see Bland and Ariel 2015) that in domestic abuse police callouts escalation in severity is rare, as is escalation in frequency of calls, except among the most chronic cases. Yet in that analysis, the couples (or 'dyads' of victim and offender, defined here as unique opposite-sex intimate partners and ex-partners in a spousal, romantic or sexual relationship) included parent-child relationships, siblings and other kinds of family violence along with IPV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Yet in that analysis, the couples (or 'dyads' of victim and offender, defined here as unique opposite-sex intimate partners and ex-partners in a spousal, romantic or sexual relationship) included parent-child relationships, siblings and other kinds of family violence along with IPV. The Bland and Ariel (2015) Suffolk police analysis also used observation periods that were not held constant, so that each dyad had different periods of time at risk for repeat incidents. While the Suffolk analysis was a major advance in the precision of evidence on domestic abuse, it leaves unanswered two key questions: whether the same conclusions would be reached if (1) dyads observed were restricted to intimate partners, and if (2) each dyad had an equal time period for further observation and recording of police contacts after the first case was reported to police.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Escalation and Harm in Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Northern Territory Police, Australia

Kerr

Whyte

Strang

2017

Camb J Evid Based Polic

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Research Question Does analysis of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal couples in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, reveal any predictable escalation in frequency or severity of harm over a 4-year observation period? Data We examined all 61,796 incidents of IPV recorded by the NT Police for 23,104 unique couples ('dyads'), over the 5-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. For purposes of analysing changes over time in frequency and harm, we used standardised observation periods (generally 4 years) from first incident to end of observations. Methods Each IPV incident was re-classified by crime type using the penal code of England and Wales, in order to measure the severity of harm in NT with the Cambridge Crime Harm Index (CHI). The CHI scores were used to test for patterns of concentration and escalation, based on the total days of recommended imprisonment for each offence type, summed across all offences of that type for the entire sample. Findings The findings were sharply split between Aboriginal and White dyads. While there was no evidence of escalation in either frequency or severity of IPV incidents in the White dyads, there was substantial evidence of escalation among Aboriginal offenders with three or more incidents in a 4-year period.Less than 2% of White offenders (2 of 111) had three or more incidents in 4 years, compared to 32.4% of Aboriginals (N = 105 out of 355 offenders). Camb J Evid Based Polic (2017) For those couples of both races known by police to have two or more incidents, there was a strong pattern of escalation in the frequency and seriousness of offending for up to 20 incidents over 4 years. While 66% of couples had desisted by year 3 with no further reports that year or the next, among the 34% of couples (N = 3621) persisting into year 3 the probability of a new incident by year 4 was 99.9%. Similarly, the time between incidents for these repeaters declined with each new incident, indicating an increase in frequency.Severity of harm also rose with repeated incidents, from 0.6 of expected Cambridge CHI value per dyad among couples with 1 to 5 incidents over 4 years to 3.82 times higher than expected value per dyad among those couples observed to have 16-20 incidents over 4 years-six times more harm among couples (almost entirely Aboriginals) with the highest frequency of incidents than among couples with the lowest frequency. Conclusions This targeting analysis confirms other research that shows no escalation in frequency or severity of domestic abuse among predominantly White European populations. Yet it also provides the first systematic test of the escalation hypothesis about IPV reported to police among Australian Aboriginal dyads. That evidence provides a strong basis in evidence for developing a two-track policy for policing IPV in Australian areas with substantial Indigenous populations. Track 1 would serve dyads (of either race) presenting for the first or second time, for whom a light touch may generally be sufficien...

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“…It is ideally suited for comparing benefits of patrol time in practical terms, supplementing the more esoteric concept of Bstandardized mean differences^, which have little face value for public policy. For other applications of CHI in policing, see Bland and Ariel (2015).…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

2016

Self Cite

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Objectives To determine whether crime-reduction effects of increased police patrols in hot spots are dependent on the Bhard^threat of immediate physical arrest, or whether Bsoft^patrols by civilian (but uniformed) police staff with few arrest powers and no weapons can also reduce crime. We also sought to assess whether the number of discrete patrol visits to a hot spot was more or less important than the total minutes of police presence across all visits, and whether effects based on counts of crime would be consistent with effects on a Crime Harm Index outcome. Methods We randomly assigned 72 hot spots into 34 treatment units and 38 controls. Treatment consisted of increases in foot patrol by uniformed, unarmed, Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) who carry no weapons and hold few arrest powers beyond those of ordinary citizens. GPS-trackers on every PCSO and Constable in the city yielded precise measurements of all patrol time in all hot spots. Standardized mean differences (Cohen's d), OLS regression model, and Weighted Displacement Quotient are used to assess main effects, to model the interaction effect of GPS data with treatment, and to measure the diffusion-of-benefits of the intervention, respectively. Outcomes included counts of incidents as well as the Cambridge Crime Harm Index. Results As intended, patrol visits and minutes by Police Constables were equal across the treatment and control groups. The sole difference in policing between the treatments groups was in visits to the hot spots by PCSOs, in both the mean daily frequency of discrete visits (T = 4.65, C = 2.66; p ≤ .001) and total minutes across all visits (T = 37.41, J Exp Criminol (2016) 12:277-317 DOI 10.1007/s11292-016-9260-

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Targeting Escalation in Reported Domestic Abuse

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management

Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management

Targeting Escalation and Harm in Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Northern Territory Police, Australia

“Soft” policing at hot spots—do police community support officers work? A randomized controlled trial

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