“…Besides monocytes and macrophages, the NLRP3 inflammasome can also be activated in a wide range of endothelial, epithelial, and mesenchymal cells, thus, related to various inflammatory diseases in different organs such as the skin, brain, and liver. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [ 185 , 186 ], metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gout, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-induced insulin resistance [ 187 ], cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [ 17 , 188 ], and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [ 189 ] ( Figure 4 ). Moreover, the increased IL-1β and ASC expression can be detected in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) [ 190 ], while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit an increased level of NLRP3 proteins in macrophages and tissues [ 191 , 192 ].…”