Targeting Inflammation by Anthocyanins as the Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Diseases: An Update

Abstract

Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) and oxidative stress act as cooperative and synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are involved in regulating the inflammatory state and activating the endogenous antioxidant defenses. Anthocyanins’ effects on inflammatory markers are promising and may have the potential to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, translating these research findings into clinical practice would effectively contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. The present narrative review summarizes the results of clinical studies from the last 5 years in the context of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative role of anthocyanins in both health and disease. There is evidence to indicate that anthocyanins supplementation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory markers among the healthy and chronic disease population. Although the inconsistencies between the result of randomized control trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses were also observed. Regarding anthocyanins’ effects on inflammatory markers, there is a need for long-term clinical trials allowing for the quantifiable progression of inflammation. The present review can help clinicians and other health care professionals understand the importance of anthocyanins use in patients with chronic diseases.

Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Sweet Potato Exacerbate Mitophagy to Ameliorate Pyroptosis in Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection

“…As reported previously, anthocyanins were recognized as phyto-anti-inflammatory agents [ 39 ], and the role of PSPAs in the anti-inflammatory process has also been confirmed [ 23 ]. However, relative studies have focused on models of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and few research has been conducted on acute infection models [ 40 ]. Little research is based on LPS-induced inflammation and even sepsis mouse models, and the contents are limited to phenotype and NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways.…”

Research Progress of the Role of Anthocyanins on Bone Regeneration

“…ACNs are well documented for their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects on human health (Henriques et al, 2020;Kozłowska and Dzierżanowski, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Pérez-Torres et al, 2021;Vega-Galvez et al, 2021). ACNs could be rapidly absorbed in the stomach and detected in the blood and urine (Fang, 2014;Tian et al, 2019), so these pigments are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of chronic, non-communicable diseases, including cancers, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Anthocyanins: Traditional Uses, Structural and Functional Variations, Approaches to Increase Yields and Products’ Quality, Hepatoprotection, Liver Longevity, and Commercial Products

“…The anthocyanins' nature to prevent, ameliorate, and scrub the oxidative stress resulted in them exhibiting biological activities against a number of diseases and physiological malfunctioning [202], that included, besides the cancers, cardiovascular, neurological, diabetic, eye functions of vision [203], obesity, inflammation, analgesic, dysentery, and for wound-wash, which primarily can be considered probably as anti-microbial in nature, although no unambiguous support exists on this aspect till date [22,[204][205][206][207][208]. The beneficial effects of anthocyanins on health has been recorded in several pre-clinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies [43,205,209,210]. However, the purified anthocyanins intake have not shown equivalent effects as the natural mixture of anthocyanins composition as part of fruits, vegetables, and food supplements [211].…”