Targeting Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Therapeutic potential of IL-15 in rheumatoid arthritis

“…It is also notable that anti-IL-6 receptor antibody therapy may induce skin ulceration, respiratory tract infection, and bilateral retinopathy with multifocal cotton-wool spots and retinal hemorrhages [8,80]. From the present results, treatment for RA patients with which drugs should consider the patients' condition, or comprehensively analyze the side effects of the drugs, such as anti-TNF, anti-IL-6, anti-IL-15.…”

“…Furthermore, the level of IL-6 in synovial fluid from RA patients was markedly higher than the controls, and the expression level strongly correlated with disease activity and joint destruction [7]. Investigations have shown that IL-6 blocking agents, especially the IL-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab, are available for treating RA [8]. However, these treatments are not effective in all RA patients and the risk of infection in patients treated with cytokine antagonists are increased recently [9].…”

Early inhibition of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in muscle tissue as a therapy for dystrophinopathy in mdx mice

“…At present, etanercept and anti-IL-6 drugs are used for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 30,31 Although it is necessary to check the safety of long-term administration of anti-proinflammatory drugs in children, anti-TNF-a and anti-IL-6 drugs might become a novel therapeutic strategy for DMD patients.…”

Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis

“…Furthermore, it is known to activate osteoclasts, increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) production, which all lead to synovitis. Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody is found effective in RA patients and is approved for the treatment of RA and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Md Yusof and Emery, 2013).…”