Targeting interleukin‐β by plant‐derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Inflammation is the main contributing factor to atheroma formation in atherosclerosis. Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) is an inflammatory mediator found in endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. Canakinumab is a selective monoclonal antibody against IL‐1β which attenuates inflammation and concurrently precipitates fatal infections and sepsis. Natural products derived from medicinal plants, herbal remedy and functional foods are widely used nowadays. Experimental and clinical trial evidence supports that some natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin have potential effects on IL‐1β suppression. In this review, we tried to document findings that used medicinal plants and plant‐based natural products for treating atherosclerosis and its related diseases through the suppression of IL‐1β.

Promising influences of gingerols against metabolic syndrome: A mechanistic review

“…Anti‐oxidative strategies are, therefore, helpful in preventing atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation 60 . In this regard, Vahdat‐Lasemi et al found that 6‐gingerol may have a therapeutic potential in treating arteriosclerosis by reducing inflammation and decreasing IL‐1 β expression as an essential inflammatory mediator that is mainly produced by endothelial cells and resident leukocytes 61–64 . As inflammation is also responsible for atherosclerosis, reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators may help treat the disease 61–64 .…”

“…[61][62][63][64] As inflammation is also responsible for atherosclerosis, reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators may help treat the disease. [61][62][63][64] Furthermore, 6-gingerol has decreased the levels of IL-1β, lipids, inflammatory factors, and atheroma growth. 33,64 In addition to its role in energy homeostasis and atherosclerosis, several studies indicated that AMPK plays a vital role in inflammation.…”

“…60 In this regard, Vahdat-Lasemi et al found that 6-gingerol may have a therapeutic potential in treating arteriosclerosis by reducing inflammation and decreasing IL-1 β expression as an essential inflammatory mediator that is mainly produced by endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. [61][62][63][64] As inflammation is also responsible for atherosclerosis, reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators may help treat the disease. [61][62][63][64] Furthermore, 6-gingerol has decreased the levels of IL-1β, lipids, inflammatory factors, and atheroma growth.…”

Changes in Specific Biomarkers Indicate Cardiac Adaptive and Anti-inflammatory Response of Repeated Recreational SCUBA Diving

“…Many of them affect production of different components of immune system thus modulating numerous immune reactions, but also other physiological processes, through various signaling pathways ( 123 , 124 ). For instance, quercetin showed inhibitory effect on production of complement components ( 125 , 126 ), interleukins ( 127 , 128 ), and immunoglobulins ( 125 , 129 ). However, these effects should be considered with special attention when the use of flavonoids by athletes is reviewed.…”

Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis

“…In contrast, several phytopharmaceuticals have been shown to be nontoxic, clinically and pharmacologically safe, and suitable for screening as potential therapeutic metabolites [ 31 ]. In a phase I clinical trial, of patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions with the chemopreventive agent curcumin [ 32 ] , it was found to be very potent in anti-inflammatory effects in many chronic diseases by promoting modulation of various signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms associated with inflammation, degradation, and apoptosis [ 15 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], including different types of cancer [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], neuro-inflammatory disorders [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], chronic destructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], psoriasis [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], cardio-vascular disease [ 51 , 52 , 53 ], and many more. In addition, natural products showed to have a restorative effect on skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis, intervertebral disc disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while representing a safe treatment method [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”