Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

Lin, Xiaoyang; Xiang, Xiaosong; Feng, Bing; Zhou, Hao; Wang, Ting; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Wang, Rui

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.670838

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…lncRNAs have been proven to act as ceRNAs that can mediate mRNA by sponging miRNAs in many tumors. 9 , 22 First, we extracted RNA from the nucleus and cytoplasm and conducted qRT‒PCR experiments. It was found that SNHG16 was located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus ( Figure 3A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lncRNA SNHG16 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma by Regulating miR-205-5p/PAK2 Axis

Xia¹,

Guan²,

Li³

et al. 2022

CCID

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Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an key role in the biological processes of various malignant tumors. SNHG16 has been confirmed to be associated with the progression of various cancers. However, function and molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in melanoma have not been studied by scholars. Methods The expression of SNHG16 in melanoma tissues were detected by using qRT-PCR. Melanoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO#GSE15605 were included in this study. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, transwell and scratch wound assay were used to explore the role of SNHG16 in melanoma cells. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in melanoma. Results Here, we found that SNHG16 was up-regulated in melanoma. SNHG16 enhances the growth and metastasis of melanoma. SNHG16 can promote the expression of P21-activated kinases 2 (PAK2) by sponging miR-205-5p. PAK2 is the target gene of miR-205-5p. We demonstrated that SNHG16 promotes the metastasis and growth of melanoma through miR-205-5p/PAK2 axis. Conclusion This study firstly confirmed the role and mechanism of SNHG16 in the occurrence and development of melanoma. Therefore, SNHG16 may become a key point in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of melanoma patients in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lncRNA SNHG16 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma by Regulating miR-205-5p/PAK2 Axis

Xia¹,

Guan²,

Li³

et al. 2022

CCID

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“…For instance, the lncRNA HULC, which is specifically overexpressed in HCC, could activate autophagy, thereby promoting HCC development, while concomitantly reducing chemosensitivity of cancer cells [111,112]. On the contrary, other lncRNAs, such as the phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1 (PTENP1), which has been found downregulated in HCC, could act as tumor suppressors by activating autophagy and promoting autophagic cell death of tumor cells and inhibiting migration, invasion, and angiogenesis [113]. These controversial results seem to correlate with the respective tumorpromoting and tumor-suppressing role of autophagy flux; however, lncRNAs are still at a very early stage and further studies are imperative to investigate their relationship with macroautophagy and CMA pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discovery of the complete interaction mechanism would crucially contribute to the research of autophagy-related regulatory factors of hepatocarcinogenesis and be potentially considered as a promising therapeutic target. Interestingly, expression patterns of several lncRNAs have been proposed recently as a type of "signature biomarkers" that could have a prognostic value in overall survival and disease-free survival rates of patients with HCC [54,113,114].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Karampa

Goussia

Glantzounis

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Hepatocarcinogenesis is a long process with a complex pathophysiology. The current therapeutic options for HCC management, during the advanced stage, provide short-term survival ranging from 10–14 months. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword during this process. Recently, two main autophagic pathways have emerged to play critical roles during hepatic oncogenesis, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mounting evidence suggests that upregulation of macroautophagy plays a crucial role during the early stages of carcinogenesis as a tumor suppressor mechanism; however, it has been also implicated in later stages promoting survival of cancer cells. Nonetheless, chaperone-mediated autophagy has been elucidated as a tumor-promoting mechanism contributing to cancer cell survival. Moreover, the autophagy pathway seems to have a complex role during the metastatic stage, while induction of autophagy has been implicated as a potential mechanism of chemoresistance of HCC cells. The present review provides an update on the role of autophagy pathways in the development of HCC and data on how the modulation of the autophagic pathway could contribute to the most effective management of HCC.

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“…According to one study, circRNAs act as miRNA adsorption sponges to counteract miRNAmediated inhibition of mRNA expression (31). The role of the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory axis in the development and metastasis of HCC is gradually becoming clear (32,33). Previous research has found that a large number of ncRNAs, including circRNAs and miRNAs, are dysregulated in HCC (34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CircMMP9 accelerates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR-149/CCND2 axis

Li¹,

Fang²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

J Gastrointest Oncol

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Background: This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that circular RNA MMP9 (circMMP9) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression through targeting miR-149 and regulating cyclin D2 (CCND2) expression.Methods: Expression of circMMP9, miR-149 and CCND2 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or protein blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The HCC cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. The interaction among circMMP9, miR-149, and CCND2 was evaluated using luciferase, RNA-pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle were examined by flow cytometry. A subcutaneous HCC xenograft mouse model was established for analyzing the role of circMMP9 in regulating the progression of HCC in vivo.Results: The expression of circMMP9 was elevated in HCC tissues and its high expression correlated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Knockdown of circMMP9 restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and led to arrested cell cycle and increased apoptosis (all P<0.05). Furthermore, knockdown of circMMP9 attenuated HCC growth in vivo (P<0.05). Mechanically, circMMP9 acted as a sponge for miR-149 and enhanced CCND2 expression in HCC cells (P<0.05). Inhibition of miR-149 or overexpression of CCND2 abrogated knockdown of circMMP9-mediated alleviation of the malignant phenotypes of HCC (P<0.05). Conclusions:For the first time, we demonstrated that circMMP9 exacerbated HCC progression through the miR-149/CCND2 axis, which suggested that circMMP9 could be potentially targeted for HCC treatment.

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Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

Cited by 7 publications

References 110 publications

Novel lncRNA SNHG16 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma by Regulating miR-205-5p/PAK2 Axis

Novel lncRNA SNHG16 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma by Regulating miR-205-5p/PAK2 Axis

The Role of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

CircMMP9 accelerates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR-149/CCND2 axis

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