Targeting Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Abstract

The escalating prevalence of metabolic and cardiometabolic disorders, often characterized by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, poses significant health challenges globally. As the traditional therapeutic approaches may sometimes fall short in managing these health conditions, attention is growing toward nutraceuticals worldwide; with compounds being obtained from natural sources with potential therapeutic beneficial effects being shown to potentially support and, in some cases, replace pharmacological treatments, especially for individuals who do not qualify for conventional pharmacological treatments. This review delves into the burgeoning field of nutraceutical-based pharmacological modulation as a promising strategy for attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic and cardiometabolic disorders. Drawing from an extensive body of research, the review showcases various nutraceutical agents, such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants, which exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. All these can be classified as novel nutraceutical-based drugs that are capable of regulating pathways to mitigate oxidative-stress- and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases. By exploring the mechanisms through which nutraceuticals interact with oxidative stress pathways and immune responses, this review highlights their potential to restore redox balance and temper chronic inflammation. Additionally, the challenges and prospects of nutraceutical-based interventions are discussed, encompassing bioavailability enhancement, personalized treatment approaches, and clinical translation. Through a comprehensive analysis of the latest scientific reports, this article underscores the potential of nutraceutical-based pharmacological treatment modulation as a novel avenue to fight oxidative stress and inflammation in the complex landscape of metabolic disorders, particularly accentuating their impact on cardiovascular health.

Type 1 diabetes impairs the activity of rat testicular somatic and germ cells through NRF2/NLRP3 pathway-mediated oxidative stress

“…All metabolic disorders, T1D included, are characterized by an intimate relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation: via the generation of a vicious cycle, oxidative stress stimulates inflammatory pathways, which, in turn, enhance ROS overproduction ( 83 , 84 ). Due to this, we analyzed whether the induction of testicular inflammation was elicited by T1D.…”

Dietary Polyphenols: Review on Chemistry/Sources, Bioavailability/Metabolism, Antioxidant Effects, and Their Role in Disease Management

“…For instance, the colon is the only site of metabolism for chlorogenic acid [100]. Free phenolic acids are more easily absorbed than the corresponding esters [101].…”

Exploring the Impact of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Maternal Immune System and Breast Milk Composition in Rats

“…Nevertheless, EVOO has always had a big impact on cardiovascular diseases [ 18 , 19 ] and it also seems to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota [ 20 , 21 ]. Although it is clear the relationship between antioxidant intake, the homeostasis of the redox systems and their modulation of immune system activities and inflammation [ 22 ], little is known about the effect of EVOO on the immune system (IS). In addition, even less studied is this relationship during pregnancy and lactation periods or its impact on breast milk (BM) composition.…”