Targeting Neutrophil β2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods

Abstract

Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.

Identification of hub genes and transcription factors in patients with primary gout complicated with atherosclerosis

“… Gene symbol Full name Accession number Function ITGB2 Integrin subunit beta 2 HGNC:6155 This gene encodes an integrin beta chain. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins that participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signaling 44 CCR5 C–C motif chemokine receptor 5 HGNC:1606 This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus 45 ITGAL Integrin subunit alpha L HGNC:6148 This integrins I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with ITGB2 to form the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed on all leukocytes 46 ITGA4 Integrin subunit alpha 4 HGNC:6140 ITGA4 associates with a beta 1 or beta 7 subunit to form an integrin that may play a role in cell motility and migration 47 CD2 CD2 molecule HGNC:1639 CD2 interacts with LFA3 (CD58) on antigen presenting cells to optimize immune recognition 48 CD53 CD53 molecule HGNC:1686 CD53 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation 49 IL7R Interleukin 7 receptor HGNC:6024 The function of IL7R requires the interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain (IL2RG), which is a common gamma chain shared by the receptors of various cytokines, including interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15 50 CSF1R Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor HGNC:2433 CSF1R controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages and mediates most if not all of the biological effects of CSF1 …”

Transcriptome and proteome revealed the differences in 3 colors of earlobe in Jiangshan Black-bone chicken

“…This suggests that ITGB2 may play a crucial role in earlobe color differences. The Integrin subunit beta 2 gene ( ITGB2 ) encodes an integrin β chain, which forms different integrin heterodimers by binding to several distinct α chains ( Conley and Sheats, 2023 ). ITGB2 is involved in cell adhesion as well as cell surface-mediated signaling ( Swaim et al, 2017 ).…”

Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dermatology: New Insights on the Cellular Mechanism of Skin Repair and Regeneration

“…Moreover, P-selectin can produce a delayed response by triggering some gene expressions, and subsequently protein synthesis, producing, in the case of leucocytes, the acquiring of an inflammatory phenotype [188]. The modulatory effects of this interaction are reciprocal, mainly regulating cell cellular functions via proteases, oxygen radicals, or nitric oxide [189]. The platelet-leukocyte complex functions in the setting of the endothelial lesion, as this interaction is a prerequisite for the hyperplasia of the blood vessels intima after a vascular injury [190,191], or, for example, contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis or cardiac dysfunction [192].…”