“…Among these building molecules, nucleic acids attract particular attention owing to their easy synthesis, simple operation, sequence‐specific recognition property, and a robust physicochemical nature. Especially, nucleic acids are polymorphic macromolecules and exist in a variety of secondary structures, including duplex, triplex, G‐quadruplex, i‐motif, bulge, hairpin, three‐way and four‐way junction, left‐handed Z‐form, and A‐form, depending on their sequences and different environment conditions . Besides classical Watson‐Crick base pairing interactions, non‐covalent bonds through π‐π stacking, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interactions also involve in the formation of these secondary structures.…”