Targeting of cell mockups using sperm-shaped microrobots in vitro

Khalil, Islam S. M.; Tabak, Ahmet Fatih; Hosney, Abdelrahman; Klingner, Anke; Shalaby, Marwan; Abdel‐Kader, Reham M.; Serry, Mohamed; Sitti, Metin

doi:10.1109/biorob.2016.7523675

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In motion control experiments, the angle θ controls the movement direction and ω controls the movement speed. The oscillating magnetic fields generated using Equation (2) offer a few advantages over methods used for previous swimmers [ 36 , 39 , 40 ]: (1) they allow for swimming at any directions based on the angle θ, (2) they generate near uniform fields similar to Helmholtz coils, and (3) they maintain a near constant field strength for the full cycle of each oscillation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we focus on a class of microrobots that utilize their flexible bodies for motion. Notable examples of existing microrobots in this category include microscopic artificial swimmers with flexible DNA linkages [ 36 ], flexible nanowire motors [ 37 ], MagnetoSperm [ 38 ], sperm-shaped microrobots [ 39 , 40 ], and soft micromachines [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Surface Locomotion of Particle Based Microrobots Using Magnetically Induced Oscillation

et al. 2017

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The low Reynolds number condition presents a fundamental constraint on designing locomotive mechanisms for microscale robots. We report on the use of an oscillating magnetic field to induce on-surface translational motion of particle based microrobots. The particle based microrobots consist of microparticles, connected in a chain-like manner using magnetic self-assembly, where the non-rigid connections between the particles provide structural flexibility for the microrobots. Following the scallop theorem, the oscillation of flexible bodies can lead to locomotion at low Reynolds numbers, similar to the beating motion of sperm flagella. We characterized the velocity profiles of the microrobots by measuring their velocities at various oscillating frequencies. We also demonstrated the directional steering capabilities of the microrobots. This work will provide insights into the use of oscillation as a viable mode of locomotion for particle based microrobots near a surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Surface Locomotion of Particle Based Microrobots Using Magnetically Induced Oscillation

et al. 2017

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“…Various types of MNRs have been developed based on distinct propulsion mechanisms. , Typically, they are powered either chemically by locally accessible fuels or physically by external fields like magnetic, − light, − ultrasound, , and electrical fields . In addition, natural microorganisms or cells are also used by relying on their chemotaxis. − Recent advances in the design, fabrication, and operation of micro-/nanorobots have greatly enhanced their power, functionalities, and versatility. ,− With desired small dimensions, controllable direction and speed, as well as promising capabilities of executing multiple tasks, these untethered tiny machines show immense potential for biomedical applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighting up Micro-/Nanorobots with Fluorescence

et al. 2022

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Micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) can be autonomously propelled on demand in complex biological environments and thus may bring revolutionary changes to biomedicines. Fluorescence has been widely used in real-time imaging, chemo-/biosensing, and photo-(chemo-) therapy. The integration of MNRs with fluorescence generates fluorescent MNRs with unique advantages of optical trackability, on-the-fly environmental sensitivity, and targeting chemo-/photon-induced cytotoxicity. This review provides an up-to-date overview of fluorescent MNRs. After the highlighted elucidation about MNRs of various propulsion mechanisms and the introductory information on fluorescence with emphasis on the fluorescent mechanisms and materials, we systematically illustrate the design and preparation strategies to integrate MNRs with fluorescent substances and their biomedical applications in imaging-guided drug delivery, intelligent on-the-fly sensing and photo-(chemo-) therapy. In the end, we summarize the main challenges and provide an outlook on the future directions of fluorescent MNRs. This work is expected to attract and inspire researchers from different communities to advance the creation and practical application of fluorescent MNRs on a broad horizon.

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