Targeting of herpesvirus capsid transport in axons is coupled to association with specific sets of tegument proteins

Luxton, G. W. Gant; Haverlock, Sarah; Coller, Kelly E.; Antinone, Sarah E.; Pincetic, Andrew; Smith, Greg

doi:10.1073/pnas.0500803102

Cited by 196 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although previous studies have demonstrated the role of other proteins in the egress of capsids from the nucleus and transport from nuclear envelope to vesicles in the cytoplasm of cultured cells (Luxton et al, 2005), we have identified a specific protein, Us9, which is necessary for the efficient polarized, anterograde transport of viral capsid and DNA in vivo. As found by others, Us9 is not necessary for the polarized retrograde transport of virus (Polcicova et al, 2005;Brideau et al, 2000).…”

Section: Polarized Anterograde Axonal Transportmentioning

confidence: 71%

Viral regulation of the long distance axonal transport of herpes simplex virus nucleocapsid

et al. 2007

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Abstract-Many membranous organelles and protein complexes are normally transported anterograde within axons to the presynaptic terminal, and details of the motors, adaptors and cargoes have received significant attention. Much less is known about the transport in neurons of non-membrane bound particles, such as mRNAs and their associated proteins. We propose that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) can be used to study the detailed mechanisms regulating long distance transport of particles in axons. A critical step in the transmission of HSV from one infected neuron to the next is the polarized anterograde axonal transport of viral DNA from the host infected nerve cell body to the axon terminal. Using the in vivo mouse retinal ganglion cell model infected with wild type virus or a mutant strain that lacks the protein Us9, we found that Us9 protein was necessary for long distance anterograde axonal transport of viral nucleocapsid (DNA surrounded by capsid proteins), but unnecessary for transport of virus envelope. Thus, we conclude that nucleocapsid can be transported independently down axons via a Us9-dependent mechanism.

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Section: Polarized Anterograde Axonal Transportmentioning

confidence: 71%

Viral regulation of the long distance axonal transport of herpes simplex virus nucleocapsid

et al. 2007

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“…The viral envelope is removed from the capsid when it fuses with the cell membrane during entry. Much of the tegument also dissociates from the capsid upon entry and during transit to the nucleus (18,19,32,33,43). We have described tegument that is released from the capsid as loosely associated tegument and tegument that remains capsid bound (VP1/2 and UL37) as tightly associated (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus Replication: Roles of Viral Proteins and Nucleoporins in Capsid-Nucleus Attachment

Copeland

Newcomb

Brown

2009

J Virol

140

137

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Replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) involves a step in which a parental capsid docks onto a host nuclear pore complex (NPC). The viral genome then translocates through the nuclear pore into the nucleoplasm, where it is transcribed and replicated to propagate infection. We investigated the roles of viral and cellular proteins in the process of capsid-nucleus attachment. Vero cells were preloaded with antibodies specific for proteins of interest and infected with HSV-1 containing a green fluorescent protein-labeled capsid, and capsids bound to the nuclear surface were quantified by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that nuclear capsid attachment was attenuated by antibodies specific for the viral tegument protein VP1/2 (UL36 gene) but not by similar antibodies specific for UL37 (a tegument protein), the major capsid protein (VP5), or VP23 (a minor capsid protein). Similar studies with antibodies specific for nucleoporins demonstrated attenuation by antibodies specific for Nup358 but not Nup214. The role of nucleoporins was further investigated with the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Capsid attachment to the nucleus was attenuated in cells treated with siRNA specific for either Nup214 or Nup358 but not TPR. The results are interpreted to suggest that VP1/2 is involved in specific attachment to the NPC and/or in migration of capsids to the nuclear surface. Capsids are suggested to attach to the NPC by way of the complex of Nup358 and Nup214, with high-resolution immunofluorescence studies favoring binding to Nup358.

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“…In the axons of sensory neurons, incoming HSV capsids are moved by retrograde transport, whereas newly assembled capsids undergo bidirectional and salutatory motions, indicating a modulation of the plus-end directed motility 46 . This modulation involves HSV tegument proteins [47][48][49][50][51] , the removal of which precedes the retrograde transport of the incoming capsids to the cell body, whereas the addition is coupled to anterograde transport of progeny capsids to the distal axon 52,53 . Important signalling events might occur during viral transport.…”

Section: Viral Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus trafficking – learning from single-virus tracking

2007

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What could be a better way to study virus trafficking than 'miniaturizing oneself' and 'taking a ride with the virus particle' on its journey into the cell? Single-virus tracking in living cells potentially provides us with the means to visualize the virus journey. This approach allows us to follow the fate of individual virus particles and monitor dynamic interactions between viruses and cellular structures, revealing previously unobservable infection steps. The entry, trafficking and egress mechanisms of various animal viruses have been elucidated using this method. The combination of single-virus trafficking with systems approaches and state-of-the-art imaging technologies should prove exciting in the future.

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Targeting of herpesvirus capsid transport in axons is coupled to association with specific sets of tegument proteins

Cited by 196 publications

References 39 publications

Viral regulation of the long distance axonal transport of herpes simplex virus nucleocapsid

Viral regulation of the long distance axonal transport of herpes simplex virus nucleocapsid

Herpes Simplex Virus Replication: Roles of Viral Proteins and Nucleoporins in Capsid-Nucleus Attachment

Virus trafficking – learning from single-virus tracking

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