Targeting of plant pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity by bacterial type-III secretion system effectors

Macho, Alberto P.; Zipfel, Cyril

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.10.009

Cited by 248 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The function of many bacterial T3Es is still not understood, but several either suppress important parts of the host immune system or alter host metabolism to promote pathogen success (18,19). Because T3Es are evolved tools, understanding their targets and function should reveal unique insights into the host's biology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

TIR-only protein RBA1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death inArabidopsis

Nishimura

Anderson

Cherkis

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

141

131

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Detection of pathogens by plants is mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor proteins. NLR proteins are defined by their stereotypical multidomain structure: an N-terminal Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) or coiled-coil (CC) domain, a central nucleotide-binding (NB) domain, and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR). The plant innate immune system contains a limited NLR repertoire that functions to recognize all potential pathogens. We isolated Response to the bacterial type III effector protein HopBA1 (RBA1), a gene that encodes a TIR-only protein lacking all other canonical NLR domains. RBA1 is sufficient to trigger cell death in response to HopBA1. We generated a crystal structure for HopBA1 and found that it has similarity to a class of proteins that includes esterases, the hemebinding protein ChaN, and an uncharacterized domain of Pasteurella multocida toxin. Self-association, coimmunoprecipitation with HopBA1, and function of RBA1 require two previously identified TIR-TIR dimerization interfaces. Although previously described as distinct in other TIR proteins, in RBA1 neither of these interfaces is sufficient when the other is disrupted. These data suggest that oligomerization of RBA1 is required for function. Our identification of RBA1 demonstrates that "truncated" NLRs can function as pathogen sensors, expanding our understanding of both receptor architecture and the mechanism of activation in the plant immune system. plant immunity | NLR | Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homology domain | oligomerization | type III secretion

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confidence: 99%

TIR-only protein RBA1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death inArabidopsis

Nishimura

Anderson

Cherkis

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

141

131

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“…Both RLKs and RLPs contain an extracellular elicitor-binding domain and a transmembrane domain. In contrast to RLKs, RLPs lack a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase domain (7). The best-studied PRR is the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase flagellinsensitive-2 (FLS2) of Arabidopsis, which binds an epitope of bacterial flagellin.…”

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confidence: 99%

The maize disease resistance gene Htn1 against northern corn leaf blight encodes a wall-associated receptor-like kinase

Hurni

Scheuermann

Krattinger

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

280

221

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Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Exserohilum turcicum is an important foliar disease of maize that is mainly controlled by growing resistant maize cultivars. The Htn1 locus confers quantitative and partial NCLB resistance by delaying the onset of lesion formation. Htn1 represents an important source of genetic resistance that was originally introduced from a Mexican landrace into modern maize breeding lines in the 1970s. Using a high-resolution map-based cloning approach, we delimited Htn1 to a 131.7-kb physical interval on chromosome 8 that contained three candidate genes encoding two wall-associated receptor-like kinases (ZmWAK-RLK1 and ZmWAK-RLK2) and one wall-associated receptor-like protein (ZmWAK-RLP1). TILLING (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) mutants in ZmWAK-RLK1 were more susceptible to NCLB than wild-type plants, both in greenhouse experiments and in the field. ZmWAK-RLK1 contains a nonarginine-aspartate (non-RD) kinase domain, typically found in plant innate immune receptors. Sequence comparison showed that the extracellular domain of ZmWAK-RLK1 is highly diverse between different maize genotypes. Furthermore, an alternative splice variant resulting in a truncated protein was present at higher frequency in the susceptible parents of the mapping populations compared with in the resistant parents. Hence, the quantitative Htn1 disease resistance in maize is encoded by an unusual innate immune receptor with an extracellular wall-associated kinase domain. These results further highlight the importance of this protein family in resistance to adapted pathogens.wall-associated receptor-like kinase | quantitative disease resistance | pattern recognition receptor | Exserohilum turcicum | maize

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“…The plant receptors localized at plasma membrane are receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which at C-terminal end bind to elicitors at the apoplast, and at N-terminal bind to kinases in the cytosol, or receptor-like proteins (RLPs), which have no intracellular kinase domains (Macho and Zipfel, 2015). The AVR genes produce hundreds of race-specific effectors that are recognized by specific receptors (ERR), belonging to the coiledcoil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB- LRR) class of immune receptors, which in turn trigger downstream genes to induce hypersensitive response (Boller and Felix, 2009;Du et al 2015).…”

Section: A Plant Receptor (Elrr and Err) Genes And Regulation Of Dowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular ligandbinding domain activates the intracellular kinase domain leading to phosphorylation of substrates and signal transduction. Bacteria produce cell wall lipopolysaccharides which are recognized by a surface-localized lectin S-domain receptor kinase (Macho and Zipfel, 2015). Fungi produce cell wall chitins that are recognized by a lysine motif (lysM) domain containing the RLK1 gene, the chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK1) in Arabidopsis and rice, which in turn regulates TFs that regulate R RRM genes to biosynthesize RRMs that reinforce cell walls (Bashline et al, 2014;Macho and Zipfel, 2015;Miya et al, 2007) (Figure 1).…”

Section: A Plant Receptor (Elrr and Err) Genes And Regulation Of Dowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

160

103

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Plant diseases, caused by microbes, threaten world food, feed, and bioproduct security. Plant resistance has not been effectively deployed to improve resistance in plants for lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms and genetic bedrock of resistance. With the advent of genome sequencing, the forward and reverse genetic approaches have enabled deciphering the riddle of resistance. Invading pathogens produce elicitors and effectors that are recognized by the host membrane-localized receptors, which in turn induce a cascade of downstream regulatory and resistance metabolite and protein biosynthetic genes (R) to produce resistance metabolites and proteins, which reduce pathogen advancement through their antimicrobial and cell wall enforcement properties. The resistance in plants to pathogen attack is expressed as reduced susceptibility, ranging from high susceptibility to hypersensitive response, the shades of gray. The hypersensitive response or cell death is considered as qualitative resistance, while the remainder of the reduced susceptibility is considered as quantitative resistance. The resistance is due to additive effects of several resistance metabolites and proteins, which are produced through a network of several hierarchies of plant R genes. Plants recognize the pathogen elicitors or receptors and then induce downstream genes to eventually produce resistance metabolites and proteins that suppress the pathogen advancement in plant. These resistance genes (R), against qualitative and quantitative resistance, can be identified in germplasm collections and replaced in commercial cultivars, if nonfunctional, based on genome editing to improve plant resistance.

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Targeting of plant pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity by bacterial type-III secretion system effectors

Cited by 248 publications

References 89 publications

TIR-only protein RBA1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death inArabidopsis

TIR-only protein RBA1 recognizes a pathogen effector to regulate cell death inArabidopsis

The maize disease resistance gene Htn1 against northern corn leaf blight encodes a wall-associated receptor-like kinase

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

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