Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions

Lim, Siew Pheng

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105514

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 107 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Besides NAbs, several compounds capable of inhibiting the RBD–ACE2 interaction have also been considered for the treatment of COVID-19 [ 118 , 119 ]. Indeed, ACE2 was one of the first substances suggested for the treatment of COVID-19, because ACE2 in solution potently blocks the binding of RBD to cell-bound ACE2 [ 120 , 121 , 122 ].…”

Section: Molecular Interaction Assays Miasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Gattinger

Ohradanova‐Repic

Valenta

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.

show abstract

Section: Molecular Interaction Assays Miasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Gattinger

Ohradanova‐Repic

Valenta

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The virus spread around the globe rapidly, infecting more than 660 million people and causing more than 6.6 million deaths by 31 December 2022 [8] . By the end of 2022, only three antiviral drugs (remdesivir, nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir) have been approved or granted emergency use authorization by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and all possess individual limitations [9,10] . Remdesivir, a viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has to be administered intravenously and hence available only in hospital settings [10,11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the end of 2022, only three antiviral drugs (remdesivir, nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir) have been approved or granted emergency use authorization by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and all possess individual limitations [9,10] . Remdesivir, a viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has to be administered intravenously and hence available only in hospital settings [10,11] . Nirmatrelvir is a coronavirus main protease (M pro ) inhibitor contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and has to be co‐administered with ritonavir to improve its efficacy [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other side‐effects have also been reported, including nausea and paresthesia [13] . Molnupiravir is only recommended as second‐line treatment for non‐hospitalised patients when remdesivir or nirmatrelvir are unavailable due to its relatively low efficacy and is contraindicated for pregnant women due to mutagenicity concerns [10,14] . The dearth of antiviral drugs more than three years since the start of the pandemic in late December 2019 highlights the urgent need for more antivirals to treat COVID‐19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,10] Remdesivir, a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has to be administered intravenously and hence available only in hospital settings. [10,11] Nirmatrelvir is a coronavirus main protease (M pro ) inhibitor contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and has to be co-administered with ritonavir to improve its efficacy. [10] Ritonavir is a potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor which cannot be co-administered with several drugs and is known to cause liver and pancreas damage, resulting in fatalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Patent Review on SARS Coronavirus Papain‐Like Protease (PL^pro) Inhibitors

Chia

Lim

2023

ChemMedChem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is an unprecedented global health emergency causing more than 6.6 million fatalities by 31 December 2022. So far, only three antiviral drugs have been granted emergency use authorisation or approved by the FDA. The SARS‐CoV‐2 papain‐like protease (PLpro) is deemed an attractive drug target as it plays an essential role in viral polyprotein processing and pathogenesis although no inhibitors have yet been approved. This patent review discusses coronavirus PLpro inhibitors reported in patents published between 1 January 2003 to 2 March 2023, giving an overview on the inhibitors that have generated commercial interest, especially amongst drug companies.

show abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Arrighi,

Berrino,

Secci

2024

Metalloenzymes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

A Patent Review on SARS Coronavirus Papain‐Like Protease (PL^pro) Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

A Patent Review on SARS Coronavirus Papain‐Like Protease (PLpro) Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Patent Review on SARS Coronavirus Papain‐Like Protease (PL^pro) Inhibitors