2020
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092479
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Targeting Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), although rare, is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. Only 2–4% of breast cancer cases are classified as IBC, but—owing to its high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis—8% to 10% of breast cancer-related mortality occur in patients with IBC. Currently, IBC-specific targeted therapies are not available, and there is a critical need for novel therapies derived via understanding novel targets. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of critical signaling pat… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…This is consistent with the upregulated levels of miR-181b-5p in IBC relative to stage-matched non-IBC. Given the hyperactivation of STAT3, NF-kB and upregulated IL-6 expression in IBC [ 54 ], we propose the same mechanism of regulation may be found in IBC. Remarkably, a significant upregulation of exosomal miR-181b than that free in plasma was proven in lung cancer patients, suggesting that sEV-derived miRNAs could efficiently mirror the expression pattern of carcinoma tissues [ 55 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…This is consistent with the upregulated levels of miR-181b-5p in IBC relative to stage-matched non-IBC. Given the hyperactivation of STAT3, NF-kB and upregulated IL-6 expression in IBC [ 54 ], we propose the same mechanism of regulation may be found in IBC. Remarkably, a significant upregulation of exosomal miR-181b than that free in plasma was proven in lung cancer patients, suggesting that sEV-derived miRNAs could efficiently mirror the expression pattern of carcinoma tissues [ 55 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…This may be due in part to 70% of IBC patients presenting with aggressive subtypes of HER2+ or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), compared with 40% of non-IBC tumors [ 8 ]. Efforts have been undertaken to identify molecular markers and therapeutic targets distinct to IBC and have identified important targets and pathways, including EGFR, E-cadherin, eIFG4I, RhoC, and TIG1/AXL [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, no IBC-specific molecular signature or target has been identified thus far, and effective targeted therapies for this disease remain limited.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most tumors are often accompanied by abnormal activation or inhibition of various molecules and signaling pathways during their development and metastasis ( 22 , 23 ), and AMPK/mTOR signaling is one of the irreplaceable pathways in tumor cells ( 24 ) because it not only regulates the level of intracellular autophagy ( 25 ) but also regulates biological processes such as the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of tumor cells ( 25 ). AMPK signaling plays a critical role in the development of almost all cancer cells, and its mechanism is to regulate tumor progression through a variety of downstream effector molecules or pathways, such as the mTOR complex ( 26 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%