Targeting Surveillance for Zoonotic Virus Discovery

Levinson, Jordan A.; Bogich, Tiffany L.; Olival, Kevin J.; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Johnson, Christine K.; Karesh, William B.

doi:10.3201/eid1905.121042

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This becomes significant especially for pathogens that may infect and be shed by wild animal hosts but not cause clinical signs in those species and thus are more likely to go undetected even during quarantine if specific tests for such pathogens are not performed (Levinson et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wildlife hosts for OIE ‐Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host–pathogen relationships

et al. 2017

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The expanding international wildlife trade, combined with a lack of surveillance for key animal diseases in most countries, represents a potential pathway for transboundary disease movement. While the international wildlife trade represents over US $300 billion per year industry involving exchange of billions of individual animals, animal products, and plants as traditional medicines, meat from wild animals, trophies, live exotic pets, commercial products and food, surveillance and reporting of OIE‐Listed diseases in wildlife are often opportunistic. We reviewed peer‐reviewed literature for reports of 73 OIE‐Listed terrestrial animal diseases in wild animals and found 528 possible wild animal hosts using our methodology. Not all host–pathogen relationships indicate that a particular species serves an epidemiologically significant role in the transmission of disease, but improved reporting of infections in wild animals along with clinical and pathological findings would contribute to improved One Health risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wildlife hosts for OIE ‐Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host–pathogen relationships

et al. 2017

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“…Active surveillance for an invading pathogen often focuses on dead or visibly sick animals, but transmission in reservoir hosts often occurs without symptoms (Levinson et al 2013). Thus, disease may be detected long after pathogen spread from the local area has occurred.…”

Section: Pathogen Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases

Langwig

Voyles

Wilber

et al. 2015

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

168

191

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Emerging infectious diseases pose an important threat to wildlife. While established protocols exist for combating outbreaks of human and agricultural pathogens, appropriate management actions before, during, and after the invasion of wildlife pathogens have not been developed. We describe stage‐specific goals and management actions that minimize disease impacts on wildlife, and the research required to implement them. Before pathogen arrival, reducing the probability of introduction through quarantine and trade restrictions is key because prevention is more cost effective than subsequent responses. On the invasion front, the main goals are limiting pathogen spread and preventing establishment. In locations experiencing an epidemic, management should focus on reducing transmission and disease, and promoting the development of resistance or tolerance. Finally, if pathogen and host populations reach a stable stage, then recovery of host populations in the face of new threats is paramount. Successful management of wildlife disease requires risk‐taking, rapid implementation, and an adaptive approach.

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Section: Identifying Threats At the Human-wildlife Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further inform a strategy best targeted for zoonotic virus discovery, PREDICT and its partners examined published virus detection data to compare the discovery potential of syndromic surveillance of diseased animals and active surveillance of apparently healthy animals (Levinson et al, 2013;Olson et al, 2012a). Compared to other mammalian taxa, there were fewer reports of clinical signs with viral infection in bats and rodents, providing further evidence that they serve as important healthy wildlife reservoirs to target for surveillance activities (Levinson et al, 2013). In addition, a mixed surveillance strategy of actively sampling healthy suspected wildlife reservoirs and animals involved in morbidity and mortality events, especially susceptible primates, was found to be the best for maximizing virus detection and discovery (Levinson et al, 2013;Olson et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Identifying Threats At the Human-wildlife Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

One Health proof of concept: Bringing a transdisciplinary approach to surveillance for zoonotic viruses at the human-wild animal interface

Kelly

Karesh

Johnson

et al. 2017

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

142

117

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As the world continues to react and respond inefficiently to emerging infectious diseases, such as Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome and the Ebola and Zika viruses, a growing transdisciplinary community has called for a more proactive and holistic approach to prevention and preparedness - One Health. Such an approach presents important opportunities to reduce the impact of disease emergence events and also to mitigate future emergence through improved cross-sectoral coordination. In an attempt to provide proof of concept of the utility of the One Health approach, the US Agency for International Development's PREDICT project consortium designed and implemented a targeted, risk-based surveillance strategy based not on humans as sentinels of disease but on detecting viruses early, at their source, where intervention strategies can be implemented before there is opportunity for spillover and spread in people or food animals. Here, we share One Health approaches used by consortium members to illustrate the potential for successful One Health outcomes that can be achieved through collaborative, transdisciplinary partnerships. PREDICT's collaboration with partners around the world on strengthening local capacity to detect hundreds of viruses in wild animals, coupled with a series of cutting-edge virological and analytical activities, have significantly improved our baseline knowledge on the zoonotic pool of viruses and the risk of exposure to people. Further testament to the success of the project's One Health approach and the work of its team of dedicated One Health professionals are the resulting 90 peer-reviewed, scientific publications in under 5 years that improve our understanding of zoonoses and the factors influencing their emergence. The findings are assisting in global health improvements, including surveillance science, diagnostic technologies, understanding of viral evolution, and ecological driver identification. Through its One Health leadership and multi-disciplinary partnerships, PREDICT has forged new networks of professionals from the human, animal, and environmental health sectors to promote global health, improving our understanding of viral disease spillover from wildlife and implementing strategies for preventing and controlling emerging disease threats.

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Targeting Surveillance for Zoonotic Virus Discovery

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Wildlife hosts for OIE ‐Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host–pathogen relationships

Wildlife hosts for OIE ‐Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host–pathogen relationships

Context‐dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases

One Health proof of concept: Bringing a transdisciplinary approach to surveillance for zoonotic viruses at the human-wild animal interface

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