Targeting targeted memory reactivation: Characteristics of cued reactivation in sleep

Abdellahi, Mahmoud E. A.; Koopman, Anne C M; Treder, Matthias S.; Lewis, Penelope A.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119820

“…Moreover, both TMR-elicited representational reactivation strength and the increased spindles were preferentially coupled to the up-state of SOs. Together with recent evidence showing that SOs up-state is conducive to TMR-induced memory reactivation and sleep learning (Abdellahi et al, 2023; Batterink et al, 2016; Ngo & Staresina, 2022, 2022; Xia et al, 2022; Züst et al, 2019), our results indicating that SO up-state and concurrent spindles provide a privileged time window for memory reactivation and cross-regional information transfer. A precise delineation of the TMR-triggered cross-regional interaction awaits future investigations that employ neuroimaging methods affording both high spatial and temporal resolutions (e.g., MEG, iEEG, and simultaneously EEG-fMRI).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Item-specific memory reactivation during sleep supports memory consolidation in humans

Liu

¹

,

Xia

²

,

Chen

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

1

0

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Understanding how individual memory traces are reactivated during sleep is instrumental to the theorizing of memory consolidation, a process during which newly acquired information becomes stabilized and long-lasting. Via targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique that unobtrusively delivers learning-related memory cues to sleeping participants, we examined the reactivation of individual memories during slow-wave sleep and how canonical neural oscillations support item-specific memory reactivation. Furthermore, we investigated how pre-sleep testing, which presumably induces fast consolidation before sleep, would modulate sleep-mediated memory reactivation. Applying multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA) to the cue-elicited electroencephalogram (EEG), we identified significant item-specific representations in two post-cue time windows (620-1350 ms and 2270-3190 ms) for post-sleep remembered items, with only the later item-specific representations contributing to memory consolidation. Untested items (i.e., items that were not tested pre-sleep), but not tested items, elicited higher spindles that predicted stronger item-specific representations and post-sleep memories. Notably, for untested items, the strengths of memory reactivation and spindles were temporally coupled to the up-state of the slow oscillation activity. Together, our results unveiled how item-specific memory reactivation and its link with neural oscillations during sleep contributed to memory consolidation. This knowledge will benefit future research aiming to perturb specific memory episodes during sleep.

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“…Moreover, both TMR-elicited representational reactivation strength and the increased spindles were preferentially coupled to the up-state of SOs. Together with recent evidence showing that SOs up-state is conducive to TMR-induced memory reactivation and sleep learning 36,37,37,48,49,62 , our results indicating that SO up-state and concurrent spindles provide a privileged time window for memory reactivation and cross-regional information transfer. A precise delineation of the TMR-triggered cross-regional interaction awaits future investigations that employ neuroimaging methods affording both high spatial and temporal resolutions (e.g., MEG, iEEG, and simultaneously EEG-fMRI).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Liu

¹

,

Tao²,

Chen

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding how individual memory traces are reactivated during sleep is instrumental to the theorizing of memory consolidation, a process during which newly acquired information becomes stabilized and long-lasting. Via targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique that unobtrusively delivers learning-related memory cues to sleeping participants, we examined the reactivation of individual memories during slow-wave sleep and how canonical neural oscillations support item-specific memory reactivation. Furthermore, we investigated how pre-sleep testing, which presumably induces fast consolidation before sleep, would modulate sleep-mediated memory reactivation. Applying multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA) to the cue-elicited electroencephalogram (EEG), we identified significant item-specific representations in two post-cue time windows (620-1350 ms and 2270-3190 ms) for post-sleep remembered items, with only the later item-specific representations contributing to memory consolidation. Untested items (i.e., items that were not tested pre-sleep), but not tested items, elicited higher spindles that predicted stronger item-specific representations and post-sleep memories. Notably, for untested items, the strengths of memory reactivation and spindles were temporally coupled to the up-state of the slow oscillation activity. Together, our results unveiled how item-specific memory reactivation and its link with neural oscillations during sleep contributed to memory consolidation. This knowledge will benefit future research aiming to perturb specific memory episodes during sleep.

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“…Namely, by relaying the reactivated information between the hippocampus and neocortical long-term stores 22,23,34 . Our finding that reactivation processes were paralleled and predicted by increased power in the SO-spindle range further corroborates the necessity of sleep oscillations for memory consolidation 35–37 . In sum, we demonstrate the importance of sleep oscillations for memory reactivation to unfold and provide evidence that ripples might be intimately related to TMR triggered re-processing of memories during sleep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

Schreiner

¹

,

Griffiths

²

,

Kutlu

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Spatial navigation and memory are thought to rely on common neuronal mechanisms, enabling us to travel in physical and mental space. Seminal findings in animal models support this assumption. However, how navigation and memory processes interact in humans is not well understood. Here we tested whether real-world head orientations act as spatial context for memories by investigating their reactivation during wake and sleep. We recorded intracranial electrophysiology in epilepsy patients and scalp EEG in healthy participants while they retrieved real-world head orientations as well as while targeted memory reactivation (TMR) was applied during subsequent non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We show that head orientation-related signals are reactivated during successful memory retrieval, suggesting that they provide specific memories with spatial information. Moreover, we found that TMR triggered reactivation of prior learned head orientations during sleep. Sleep related memory reactivation was paralleled and predicted by increased power in the SO-spindle range while being accompanied by elevated levels of ripples recorded intracranially from the medial temporal lobe. In conclusion, our results suggest that core features of spatial navigation add contextual spatial information to newly formed memory traces.

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Targeting targeted memory reactivation: Characteristics of cued reactivation in sleep

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Item-specific memory reactivation during sleep supports memory consolidation in humans

Item-specific memory reactivation during sleep supports memory consolidation in humans

Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

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